Komissar (English spelling)

Japanese: コミッサール（英語表記）komissar

In Russia and the Soviet Union, this refers to a commissar with full authority in a particular department. In Russia, after the February Revolution of 1917, the Provisional Government appointed provincial commissars as local administrative officials to replace the provincial governors of the imperial era, and district commissars to counties. Commissars were also sent to the military, and during the October Revolution, the heads of many institutions and enterprises were also called commissars for a time. The two main terms that continued to be used after that were: (1) Narodnyi Komissar (1917-46) The heads of the policy-making departments (called People's Commissars, equivalent to today's ministries) within the Soviet government that were organized after the October Revolution.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ロシアおよびソ連邦で，特定部門における全権を帯びた委員をいう。ロシアでは，1917年の二月革命後，臨時政府が帝政時代の県知事に代わる地方行政官として県コミッサールを，郡には郡コミッサールを任命した。また軍隊にもコミッサールが派遣され，十月革命の過程では多くの機関や企業の長らも一時期さまざまなコミッサールを名のった。その後も使用された主要なものは，次の二つである。(1)人民委員narodnyi komissar(1917‐46)　十月革命後組織されたソビエト政府内の各政策担当部門(人民委員部とよばれ，現在の省にあたる)の長のこと。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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