...He discovered hydrogen gas (combustible air), and in his 1766 paper "Experiments on Artificial Air," for which he received the Copley Medal, he discussed gases contained in substances that could be artificially released to make them elastic (he called them artificial airs), and measured the flammability, water solubility, and specific gravity of these gases. In his 1784 paper "Various Experiments on Air," he quantitatively demonstrated that water is a compound by adding hydrogen gas to oxygen gas and combining them with an electric spark to obtain water droplets, but he explained this from the standpoint of the phlogiston theory. He also obtained nitric acid by combining nitrogen gas and oxygen gas with an electric spark (1785). ... *Some of the terminology used in "Experiments on Air" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…彼は水素ガス(可燃空気)を発見,コプリー・メダルを受賞した1766年の論文《人工空気の実験》では,物質中に含まれ,人工的に放出させて弾性的にすることができる気体(人工空気と呼んだ)について論じ,これらの気体について可燃性,水溶性,比重を測定している。また84年の論文《空気に関する諸実験》では,酸素ガスに水素ガスを加えて電気火花で化合させると水滴を得ることから,水が化合物であることを定量的に示しているが,その説明はフロギストン説の立場から行っている。彼はまた窒素ガスと酸素ガスを電気火花で化合させて硝酸を得ている(1785)。… ※「《空気に関する諸実験》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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