Also called air brakes. A brake that uses compressed air as its power source. It can be divided into the following categories based on its use: (1) For automobiles: Compressed air stored in a tank by a small engine-driven compressor is operated by the brake pedal, and pressure is applied to the brake shoes to brake. This type is used for large vehicles and trailers because it can generate a large braking force and simultaneously brakes the rear car being towed. (2) For railroad vehicles: Compressed air in the tank is sent to a brake cylinder, which applies pressure to the brake shoes connected to it to brake. There are direct types, in which compressed air is sent directly to the cylinder, and indirect types, in which the pressure in the brake pipe is reduced and the air in the tank is used to operate the brakes. The latter type is used for through brakes (brakes that act on each car at the same time), and is useful for safety because the brakes are applied immediately even if the trains separate. For this reason, it is also called an automatic air brake. Note that for trains with 10 or more cars, a solenoid valve is also used because there is a time delay in the transmission of air pressure. This type is called an electromagnetic air brake. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
エアブレーキともいう。圧縮された空気を動力として作動させるブレーキ。用途から次のように分けられる。 (1) 自動車用 エンジン駆動の小型圧縮機によってタンク内にたくわえられた圧縮空気をブレーキペダルで作動させ,ブレーキシューに圧力を加えて制動する。大きなブレーキ力が得られ,牽引する後部の車体にも同時にブレーキがかけられるので,大型車やトレーラに使用される。 (2) 鉄道車両用 タンク内の圧縮空気をブレーキシリンダに送り,これと連動するブレーキシューに圧力を加えて制動する。圧縮空気を直接シリンダに送る直接式と,ブレーキ管内の圧力を減圧してタンク内の空気との差圧で作動させる間接式とがある。後者は貫通ブレーキ (各車両に同時に作用するブレーキ) に用いられ,列車が分離してもただちにブレーキがかかるので保安上有用である。そのため自動空気ブレーキとも呼ばれる。なお,10両編成以上の列車では,空気圧力の伝達に時間遅れが生じるため電磁弁を併用する。この形式を電磁空気ブレーキという。
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