In the 18th century, the Treaty of Methuen (1703) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) were concluded to acquire new markets in response to the French absolutist mercantilism (colbertisme), especially the heavy tariff policy on British woolen textiles. The Treaty of Methuen (1703) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) sparked the Anglo-French Trade Dispute over the latter's supplementary clause, the "Free Trade Clause." In the end, free trade between Britain and France was postponed until the Treaty of Eden in 1786. In the midst of this dispute, the protectionist C. King preached the need for protective tariffs and the realization of low wages, but in works such as "The Constitution of the British Economy" (1728), the free trade advocate D. Defoe advocated the formation of a domestic market based on increased consumption due to high wages, and the need to substantially reduce the cost of export products by increasing labor motivation and productivity, aiming to reverse the pessimistic viewpoint of the protectionists. This was an economic idea that was passed down to A. Smith via D. Hume and J. Tucker. *Some of the terminology that mentions "King, Charles" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 18世紀にはいると,フランスの絶対主義的重商主義(コルベルティスムcolbertisme),とくにイギリス産毛織物に対する重関税政策に対抗して新市場を獲得するためにメシュエン条約(1703),ユトレヒト条約(1713)が締結され,後者の付帯条項〈英仏自由通商条項〉に関しては〈英仏通商論争〉が引き起こされたが,結局,英仏の自由通商は1786年のイーデン条約まで延引された。この論争の渦中で保護主義者C.キングは保護関税の必要と低賃金の実現とを説いたが,これに対し自由貿易論者D.デフォーは《イギリス経済の構図》(1728)などで,高賃金による消費増大に基づく国内市場形成と労働意欲・生産力増大による輸出製品の実質的低廉化の必要を説き,保護主義者の悲観的見地からの転回を意図した。この意図は,D.ヒュームやJ.タッカーを経てA.スミスにつながる経済思想であった。… ※「キング,Charles」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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