Heath (English spelling)

Japanese: ヒース（英語表記）heath

In plant ecology, this refers to dry land covered with small shrubs with needle- or linear-shaped leaves. In general, the small shrubs that grow on heaths, especially Erica of the Ericaceae family and Calluna vulgaris , are also called heaths. The most well-known heaths are found in cold regions of northern Europe, such as England, Germany, and Scandinavia, and are typical of highland marshes that dry out and become land. Large ones can also be found in the Cape region of South Africa and the Patagonia region at the southern tip of South America. Small ones often appear at altitudes above the tree line on high mountains, and in the broad sense, the colonies of black crowberry, cowberry, and hemlock cherry in the alpine zone of Japan are also included in heaths. Ptarmigans are distinctive birds that eat heath leaves. On the other hand, in the horticultural world, the species that are usually called heaths are Erica, and most of them are E. melanthera , which is native to South Africa, and E. carnea , which is native to Europe. (→ Briar)

Heath
Heath, Sir Edward Richard George

Born: July 9, 1916, Broadstairs
[Died] July 17, 2005. Salisbury. British politician. Graduated from Oxford University. First elected as a Conservative MP in 1950. Leader of the House of Commons for the Conservative Party in 1952. Minister for Labour in 1959. In 1960, he was Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, responsible for foreign affairs, and from 1961, he served as chief negotiator for Britain's accession to the European Economic Community (EEC). In 1963, he became Minister for Trade. In 1965, he became leader of the Conservative Party, but the Conservative Party suffered a major defeat in the 1966 general election. However, in the June 1970 general election, he defeated the Labour Party and became Prime Minister. After successfully joining the European Community (EC) in 1972, he was defeated in the general election and resigned in 1974. During the administration of Margaret Thatcher, the Conservative Party's first female prime minister in British history in 1979, he rebelled against her hardline domestic and foreign policies, and became a representative of the anti-Thatcher faction within the party. He was knighted in 1992. He retired from politics in 2001.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

植物生態学の用語で，針葉または線状のいわゆるヒース型の葉をもつ小低木が茂った乾原のこと。一般にはそのヒースに生じる小低木，特にツツジ科のエリカ属 Erica やハイデソウ Calluna vulgaris などをヒースと呼ぶこともある。イギリス，ドイツ，スカンジナビアなど北ヨーロッパの寒冷地に発達するヒースが最も著名で，高層湿原が乾燥して陸化したあとに典型的なものができる。南アフリカ共和国のケープ地方や南アメリカ南端部のパタゴニア地方にも大規模なものがある。小規模のものは高山の森林限界以上の高所によく現れ，日本の高山帯のガンコウラン，コケモモ，ツガザクラなどの群落も広義にはヒースに入る。ライチョウ類はヒースの葉を食べる特徴的な鳥である。一方，園芸界で通常ヒースと呼んでいるのはエリカ属のもので，南アフリカ原産の E. melanthera とヨーロッパ産の E. carnea が多い。（→ブライア）

ヒース
Heath， Sir Edward Richard George

[生]1916.7.9. ブロードステアーズ
[没]2005.7.17. ソールズベリー
イギリスの政治家。オックスフォード大学卒業。 1950年保守党下院議員に初当選。 1952年保守党下院院内総務。 1959年労働大臣。 1960年国璽尚書として外交問題を担当，1961年からイギリスのヨーロッパ経済共同体 EEC加盟交渉の首席代表を務めた。 1963年商務大臣。 1965年保守党党首となったが 1966年の総選挙で保守党は大敗した。しかし 1970年6月の総選挙で労働党を破り，首相に就任。 1972年イギリスのヨーロッパ共同体 EC加盟に成功したあと，総選挙で敗れ 1974年辞任。 1979年にイギリス史上初の女性首相となった保守党のマーガレット・サッチャーの政権時代にはその強硬な内外政策に反発，党内反サッチャー勢力の代表的存在となった。 1992年ナイトに叙された。 2001年政界引退。

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