Giant chromosome

Japanese: 巨大染色体 - きょだいせんしょくたい(英語表記)giant chromosome
Giant chromosome

A chromosome that has developed particularly large as a result of repeated intranuclear divisions in cells. When chromosomes do not undergo nuclear division, but rather undergo repeated intranuclear divisions in a resting state, they are linked together horizontally without separating, resulting in a long chromosome with a length of about 100 to 300 micrometers and a diameter of about 15 to 25 micrometers. Each chromosome is fibrous, and the chromomeres are linked together horizontally in the same place, so they appear as bands in that area. These band patterns allow the identification of individual chromosomes, and are useful for creating chromosome maps. Special structures appear in the bands in relation to gene expression, and are called puffs or Balbiani rings. The salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila are a typical example of giant chromosomes.

[Toshihide Yoshida]

[Reference item] | Salivary gland chromosome

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

細胞の核内分裂を繰り返すことによってとくに大きく発達した染色体。染色体が核分裂をしないで、休止期の状態で核内分裂を繰り返し、それが分離しないで横に連なるため、長さ約100~300マイクロメートル、直径約15~25マイクロメートルの長大な染色体となる。個々の染色体はファイバー状になり、染色粒(クロモメアー)が同一場所に横軸に連なって存在するので、その部分ではバンド状となって現れる。これらバンドの模様の個々の染色体が識別できるとともに、これは染色体地図の作成に役だつ。遺伝子の発現と関係してバンドの部分に特別な構造が現れるが、これをパフまたはバルビアニー環などとよぶ。ショウジョウバエの唾液腺(だえきせん)染色体(または唾腺染色体)は巨大染色体の代表的な例である。

[吉田俊秀]

[参照項目] | 唾液腺染色体

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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