...Eventually, multiple counterpoint melodies were added to one plainsong note, and in the 13th century, the rule that "consonances are used on strong beats, and dissonances are allowed on weak beats" was established. In the 14th century, the preference for a richer sound with thirds and sixths and the canon technique centered on the French chace and the Italian caccia became evident. At that time, the three-part writing system of soprano (known as discantus at the time), tenor, and contratenor was the norm, but in the 15th century, the contratenor was divided into two parts, the high contratenor altus and the low contratenor bassus, and thus the basic four-part structure of soprano, alto, tenor, and bass was established. ... From [Medieval Music]…The most well-known poet and composer in Italy is Machaut. In Italy, the madrigal, the ballata (the French Villeret style), and the caccia (the canonical caccia) were composed in great numbers. Jacopo da Bologna (active in the mid-14th century) and the blind Landini are among the most well-known. … From 【Program Music】 ...Furthermore, the idea is that program music linked to literary works, such as Liszt's Faust Symphony, does not musicalize the content of the literature, but is an attempt to use sound to express something deeper than the literary content that the literary work aimed to express through its subject matter but was unable to fully express, and is a continuation of Goethe's creative work. *Some of the terminology that mentions "caccia" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…やがて定旋律の1音に対して対位旋律の複数の音がつけられ,13世紀になると,〈強拍には協和音を用い,弱拍には不協和音も許される〉という規則が確立された。14世紀にはこれに加えて3度と6度を伴ういっそう豊かな響きと,フランスのシャスchaceやイタリアのカッチャcacciaを中心とするカノン技法への好みが著しくなる。当時はソプラノ(当時の用語ではディスカントゥスdiscantus),テノール,コントラテノールという3声書法が中心だったが,15世紀になるとコントラテノールが〈高いコントラテノールcontratenor altus〉と〈低いコントラテノールcontratenor bassus〉の二つに分化し,こうしてソプラノ,アルト,テノール,バスという基本的な4声部構造が確立した。… 【中世音楽】より…代表的な詩人兼作曲家としてマショーが挙げられる。イタリアでは,マドリガーレ(マドリガル),バッラータballata(フランスのビルレー系),それにカノンの技法によるカッチャcacciaが数多く作られた。ヤコポ・ダ・ボローニャJacopo da Bologna(14世紀中ごろ活躍),盲目のランディーニらが知られている。… 【標題音楽】より…また,例えばリストの《ファウスト交響曲》のように,文学作品と結びついた標題音楽は文学の内容を音楽化しているのではなく,その文学作品がその題材によって表現することを目ざしたが表現し尽くすことのできなかった,単に文学的な内容を超えたより深いものを音を使って表現しようとする試みであり,ゲーテの創作の継続なのであるという考えである。 ※「caccia」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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