Kyowa Volunteer Service Corps

In response to this, the super-emphasis policy on industrial development that had been implemented since fiscal 1940 in Manchuria (northeastern China) was further strengthened, focusing on key industrial sectors such as coal and steel, but the second five-year plan that began in fiscal 1942 collapsed due to its heavy-handed approach that ignored the balance of the economy, and fell far short of its targets. The center of the total mobilization system was the Manchuria National Association of Mutual Relations (Kyowakai), which was formed in July 1932. As of the end of May 1942, it had 2.89 million members, and its affiliated organizations included the Kyowa Youth Corps with over 1.35 million members and the Kyowa Volunteer Service Corps with 520,000 members. It also led the Manchuria Women's Association for National Defense and the Military Support Association, which were affiliated organizations. In addition, local residents were required to serve in the military for three years under the National Military Law and to perform labor service for up to one year under the National Labor Service Law.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to the Kyowa Volunteer Service Corps is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　これに対し満州(中国東北部)では，40年度から実施されていた産業開発の超重点政策が石炭や鉄鋼などの基幹産業部門を中心に一段と強化されたが，42年度からの第2期5ヵ年計画は，経済の均衡を無視した強引なやり方のために破綻し，目標を大きく下まわった。総動員体制の中心となったのは，1932年7月結成の満州国協和会(協和会)であり，42年5月末で会員289万名，傘下団体には会員135万名以上の協和青少年団や隊員52万名の協和義勇奉公隊があり，外郭団体の満州国防婦人会，軍人後援会などを指導していた。そのほかに国兵法による3年間の兵役や国民勤労奉公法による1年以内の勤労奉仕が，現地住民に義務づけられた。…

※「協和義勇奉公隊」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報