Bearing wall

Japanese: bearing wall(英語表記)bearingwall
Bearing wall

…When the exterior walls of a building are not structural like masonry but are used as fixtures to separate spaces, they are called curtain walls. They are also called non-load-bearing or curtain walls because they do not bear the load of the building, whereas structural exterior walls are called load-bearing walls. With the development of steel-frame construction, reinforced concrete construction, and high-rise buildings, the load of the building came to be borne by columns and beams instead of structural exterior walls, making it possible to install large windows (openings). …

From the Wall

...Other types of walls include soundproof walls (sound barriers) that are double-walled to increase sound insulation, such as those used around recording studios; sound-absorbing walls with uneven surfaces to prevent echoes, such as those used in music halls; heat-resistant and cold-resistant walls that use a lot of insulation material to block out the external thermal environment, such as around freezers; waterproof walls, used in basements where high water resistance is required (although as a general rule, all outer walls are required to be waterproof); storage walls, such as partition walls that also have storage functions; radiation shield walls, which are installed around rooms that handle radiation, such as X-ray rooms, to block radiation; heat storage walls with a large heat capacity that extract solar heat and other heat over time; and light-transmitting walls, which allow light to pass through like glass blocks but block most other factors.
[Load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls]
In addition to the walls with the functions mentioned above, there are walls whose primary function is to support the building, and these are called shear walls or bearing walls. Shear walls are shear walls that have particularly strong resistance to horizontal forces such as wind and earthquakes. …

From [Wall structure]

...also called wall structure. A structure that supports the building's own weight (including the weight of equipment, furniture, people, etc.) and external forces caused by earthquakes and winds, using only the walls without using columns or beams. Walls that support forces in this way are called load-bearing walls. Most wall structures are made of reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete blocks, but masonry (stone, brick, concrete block) and many prefabricated panel buildings are also of this structure, and although wooden frame construction uses a wooden framework, it is mechanically considered to be a wall structure.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "bearing wall" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…建物の外壁を組積造のような構造体でなく,空間を仕切る建具として用いるとき,この壁をカーテンウォールという。建物の受ける力を負担しないので非耐力壁あるいは帳壁(ちようへき)とも呼ばれ,これに対して構造体としての外壁は耐力壁(ベアリングウォールbearing wall)という。鉄骨造,鉄筋コンクリート造,高層建築の発達に伴って,構造体としての外壁に代わって柱,梁(はり)に建物の荷重を負担させるようになり,大きな窓(開口部)を設けることを可能にした。…

【壁】より

…こうした壁の種類としては,このほかに録音スタジオの周囲などに使われる壁で,二重壁などにして遮音性を高めた防音壁(遮音壁),音楽ホールなどで反響を防ぐために設けられる凹凸などを有する吸音壁,冷凍室の周囲など外部の温熱環境を遮断する目的で,断熱材を豊富に用いた防熱壁や防寒壁,高い防水性を要求される地下室などに用いられる防水壁(外周壁は原則としてすべて防水性が要求されるが,これは除く),間仕切壁などで収納の機能を一体としてもっている収納壁,レントゲン室など放射線を扱う室の周囲に放射線の遮断を目的に設けられる放射線シールド壁,太陽熱などを時間をおいてとり出すための熱容量の大きい蓄熱壁,ガラスブロックのように光は通すが,他のほとんどの因子は遮断する採光壁などがある。
[耐力壁と非耐力壁]
 以上述べたような機能をもった壁のほか,建物を支えるという機能を最優先する壁があり,これを耐力壁あるいはベアリングウォールbearing wallと呼ぶ。耐震壁は風や地震など水平方向の力に対してとくに強い抵抗要素をもった耐力壁である。…

【壁構造】より

…壁式構造ともいう。建物の自重(設備装置の重量,家具,人間などの重量を含む)や地震,風によって加わる外力を,柱や梁(はり)を用いず壁体のみによって支える構造。このように力を支える役割をする壁は耐力壁bearing wallと呼ばれる。壁構造で建てられるものの多くは壁式鉄筋コンクリート造か補強コンクリートブロック造であるが,組積造(石造,煉瓦造,コンクリートブロック造)とパネル式プレハブ建築の多くもこの構造であり,また木造の枠組壁工法も木製枠組を用いてはいるが,力学的には壁構造と考えられる。…

※「bearing wall」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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