British physicist. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1769 and receiving his M.A. in 1772, but remained at his alma mater as a fellow. He was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1776. He excelled at lecturing on physics using experiments, and published a description of the experiments he used in his lectures in 1776. Atwood's Apparatus, which illustrates the law of uniform acceleration, is included in his Treatise on Motion in a Line (1784). From 1784, he obtained a position at the Treasury through the efforts of politician Pitt the Younger, and in 1801 he published a work on the analysis of the legal price of bread, as well as a treatise on the design of arch bridges. He was also awarded the Copley Medal by the Royal Society for his mathematical research into the stability of ships. [Takada Kiyoshi] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの物理学者。ケンブリッジ大学トリニティ・カレッジに学び、1769年卒業、1772年修士号を得たのち、フェロー(特別研究員)として母校に残った。1776年王立協会会員に選ばれた。実験を用いた物理学の講義に優れ、講義に用いた実験の説明書を1776年に出版した。一様加速度の法則を例示する「アトウッドの器械」は「直線運動に関する論考」(1784)に記載されている。1784年から、政治家ピット(小)の尽力で大蔵省に職を得、1801年にはパンの法定価格についての分析の著作のほか、アーチ橋の設計についての論考を出版、また船の安定性をめぐる数学的研究で、王立協会よりコプリー・メダルを授与された。 [高田紀代志] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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