File - dang-an; tang-an

Japanese: 檔案 - とうあん（英語表記）dang-an; tang-an

This refers to official documents, mainly from government offices, from the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. They are also called 'dangse', and in Manchu, 'dangse'. In the early Qing dynasty, the Manchus wrote characters on pieces of wood to use as documents, but to store them, they bound them with leather strings and hung them on the wall. It is said that this name continued even after paper was used later, as it resembled a 'kamachi' (a wooden box). A large number of such documents were stored in the Qing dynasty's palace from the end of the Ming dynasty. They came to light at the fall of the Qing dynasty, and have been organized and published one by one by Peking University, the Academia Sinica Institute of History and Philology, the Palace Museum, and others, but some of them were sent to Taiwan and organized in various places. In recent years, full-scale organization of the First Archives in Beijing has been underway. They are the most basic documents for research on the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，明・清時代の主として官庁などの公文書をいう。また檔子ともいい，満州語でダングセ dangseという。清初に満州人は木片に文字を記して文書として使用したが，保管するには皮紐で綴じて，壁に掛けておいた。その様子が檔 (かまち) に似ているため，のちに紙を使うようになってからもこう呼ばれたという。清朝の宮中には明末からのこのような檔案が大量に保管されていた。清朝滅亡に際して日の目をみて，北京大学，中央研究院歴史語言研究所，故宮博物院などの手で逐次整理されて出版されてきたが，一部分は台湾に渡り，各所で整理された。また近年北京では歴史第一檔案館で本格的な整理が進行している。明・清時代研究の最も基礎的な文献である。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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