In this method, molten metal is placed in a vacuum chamber, and the gases contained therein are extracted and evacuated before it is cast into a mold. Metal molten in the atmosphere or in the atmosphere of a melting furnace absorbs oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and other gases, and releases some of these gases when solidifying in the mold, causing air bubbles and other defects. Therefore, if a ladle containing molten metal is placed in a sealed chamber and the chamber is evacuated to a vacuum, a considerable amount of gas is extracted from the molten metal. Hydrogen, which has a particularly high diffusion rate, is effectively removed. The metal is then cast in the chamber, or the pressure is returned to atmospheric pressure and the metal is taken out and cast outside. Another method is to place a mold or ladle in a vacuum chamber, and pour the molten metal from the bottom of a ladle containing molten metal in the atmosphere through a hole in the vacuum chamber lid, so that the molten metal is poured into the mold or ladle in the vacuum chamber as fine droplets, which are then poured into the mold or ladle in the vacuum chamber. [Katsuya Igawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
溶融金属を真空に近い減圧室内に置き、含有するガスを抽出排気してから鋳型に鋳造する方法。大気中や溶解炉雰囲気中で溶解した金属は、酸素、水素、窒素その他のガスを吸収しており、鋳型中で凝固するときにその一部を放出して気泡巣その他の欠陥を生ずる原因となる。そこで、溶融金属を入れた取鍋(とりべ)を密閉室内に置き、この部屋を真空に排気すると、かなりのガスが溶湯から抽出される。とくに拡散速度の大きい水素は有効に除去される。その後その室内で鋳造したり、ふたたび大気圧に戻して室外に取り出して鋳造したりする。また、真空室内に鋳型や取鍋を置き、大気中で溶解した金属を入れた取鍋の底部から、真空室の蓋(ふた)にあけた孔(あな)を通して溶湯を注ぎ込み、細かい液滴となって真空室内の鋳型や取鍋に注入されるようにして効果的に脱ガスを行う方法もある。 [井川克也] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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