In physics, the joule is used as the unit of energy, but in nutrition and food science, the calorie is used. One calorie (cal) is the amount of energy (also called heat) required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C under one atmosphere. However, this amount is too small to use as a unit, so the kilocalorie (kcal), which is 1000 times larger, is usually used as the unit of measure. In the past, kilocalories were called large calories or simply calories, but recently they have been unified into the term kilocalorie. According to the international convention of units, all energy units will be unified into joules in the future, so in Japan and other countries, calories and joules are written together. One kilocalorie can be converted to 4.184 kilojoules. In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare revise and publishes the "Nutritional Requirements of the Japanese" for healthy people every five years. The sixth revision (used from 2000 to 2004) sets the daily energy requirements for people aged 30 to 49 as 2,250 kcal for men and 1,750 kcal for women if their daily activity intensity is "slightly low," and 2,550 kcal for men and 2,000 kcal for women if their daily activity intensity is "moderate." [Miyazaki Motoyoshi] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
エネルギーの単位は、物理学においてはジュールjouleが用いられるが、栄養学、食品学においてはカロリーを用いている。1カロリー(cal)は、1気圧のもとで水1グラムの温度を14.5℃から15.5℃まで上げるのに必要なエネルギー量(熱量ともいう)である。しかしこの量は小さすぎて単位に用いるのに不便であるため、通常はその1000倍のキロカロリー(kcal)を常用単位として用いている。以前はキロカロリーのことを大カロリーまたは単にカロリーとよんでいたが、最近はキロカロリーとよぶことに統一されている。単位の国際規約によれば、エネルギーの単位は将来すべてジュールに統一することになっているので、日本などではカロリーとジュールの併記が行われている。1キロカロリーは4.184キロジュールに換算すればよい。日本では厚生労働省が健康な人を対象とした「日本人の栄養所要量」を5年ごとに改定し発表している。第6次改定(使用期間2000~2004年)では、30~49歳の1日のエネルギー所要量を、生活活動強度が「やや低い」場合は男で2250、女で1750キロカロリー、「適度」な場合は男で2550、女で2000キロカロリーとしている。 [宮崎基嘉] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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