...Amid this, a new generation of filmmakers emerged, including female directors Wanda Jakubowska (1907-), Jerzy Bossak (1910-), and Aleksander Ford (1908-1980), who fought against reaction and aimed to create cinematic art. In 1929, they founded the association of people dedicated to art films, START, which promoted the production of "socially useful" films, laying the foundation for Polish cinema in the 1930s and after World War II. After the war, in 1945, full rights of production and distribution were transferred to the state agency Film Polski, nationalizing film, and notable works were produced, such as Jakubowska's Women Prisoners of Auschwitz (1948), which depicts the cruelty and misery of the concentration camps, and Ford's Border Town (1948), which depicts the ghetto uprising against the Nazis. From the end of the 1940s to the beginning of the 1950s, the film administration suffered from the negative effects of dogmatism in the form of the imposition of "socialist realism," but exceptions included Ford's Chopin's Youth (1952) and Jerzy Kawalerowicz's Under the Frisian Star (1954). *Some of the terminology that refers to "Border Town" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…そのなかで反動化とたたかい,映画芸術の創造を目ざす女流監督ワンダ・ヤクボフスカWanda Jakubowska(1907‐ ),イェジー・ボサックJerzy Bossak(1910‐ ),アレクサンデル・フォルドAleksander Ford(1908‐80)など新しい世代の作家たちが台頭し,29年に芸術映画に献身する人たちの協会〈スタルトSTART〉を設立して〈社会的に有用な〉映画の製作を推進し,30年代および第2次世界大戦後のポーランド映画の礎をつくった。 戦後,45年に製作・配給の全権が国家代行機関である〈フィルム・ポルスキFilm Polski〉に移されて映画が国有化され,強制収容所の残虐と悲惨を描いたヤクボフスカの《アウシュウィッツの女囚》(1948),ナチスに対するゲットーの暴動を描いたフォルドの《境界の街》(1948)といった注目すべき作品がつくられた。1940年代の終りから50年代の初めにかけては,映画行政に〈社会主義リアリズム〉の押しつけというかたちで教条主義的な弊害があらわれたが,フォルドの《ショパンの青春》(1952)やイェジー・カワレロウィッチJerzy Kawalerowiczの《フリジアの星の下に》(1954)などは例外であった。… ※「《境界の街》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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