...His evangelism gained a wider national public opinion, from the citizens to the peasants, thanks in large part to the rapidly developing printing press at the time. Luther himself made full use of this medium, publishing many writings, polemics, and sermons. Of particular historical importance are the three great reform treatises, written one after another between the summer and autumn of 1820: "To the Christian Nobles of the German Nation for the Improvement of the Christian World," "The Babylonian Captivity of the Church," and "Christian Freedom." In "To the Christian Nobles of the German Nation," Luther, standing for the first time on the basis of his national consciousness as a German, lists the ruthless financial exploitation by the power of the papacy, simony, and other various evils that oppress the people's lives and undermine the correct faith, and calls on the nobles (actually the German princes, who were territorial rulers) who have been entrusted with governing power by God to help reform church life in general, at a time when the incompetence of church authorities has been exposed. ... *Some of the terminology used in this article refers to the "Babylonian Captivity of the Church." Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…彼の福音主義は,さらに広く市民層から農民層にまで及ぶ国民的な世論を獲得するにいたるが,そこには当時急速に発展しつつあった印刷術の力が大きく働いており,ルター自身この手段を存分に活用して,多くの著述や論争文,説教を公にした。とりわけ歴史的に重要な意味をもつのは,20年の夏から秋にかけて次々に書かれたいわゆる三大改革論,《キリスト教界の改善について,ドイツ国民のキリスト教貴族に与う》《教会のバビロン捕囚》《キリスト者の自由》である。 《ドイツ国民のキリスト教貴族に与う》は,ルターが初めてドイツ人としての国民意識に立って,ローマ教皇勢力によるあくどい財政的収奪や,聖職売買,そのほか国民生活を圧迫し正しい信仰をそこなうさまざまな悪弊を列挙し,教会当局者が無能を暴露している現在,統治権力を神にゆだねられた貴族(実際には領邦君主たるドイツ諸侯)に,教会生活全般の改革をたすけるよう呼びかけたものである。… ※「《教会のバビロン捕囚》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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