…Following reports of the tyranny and corruption of the Mexican Audiencia, the Spanish Crown felt the need to provide a charismatic official to rule the Indies as the king's representative and as a successor to the native sovereigns, and appointed Antonio de Mendoza as the first viceroy of New Spain in 1529 (actually reigning from 1535 to 1550). Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, most viceroys came from the upper Spanish aristocracy, but from the 18th century onwards, viceroys often came from minor nobles or middle-class men of enlightened minds, such as Manuel de Amat y Junyent of Peru (1761-76) and Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos (1790-96). The viceroys were all native Spanish (peninsulars) appointed to the colony, and of the 100 or so viceroys in the colony's history, only five or fewer were criollos. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Amat y Junyent, M.de" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…メキシコのアウディエンシアの専横と腐敗の報に接し,スペイン王室は国王の代理として,また,土着の君主の後継者としてインディアスを統べる,いわばカリスマ的な権力を有する官吏を派遣する必要を痛感し,1529年ヌエバ・エスパニャ初代副王としてメンドサAntonio de Mendozaを任命した(実際の統治期間は1535‐50年)。16,17世紀を通じて,副王の大半はスペインの上流貴族の出身であったが,18世紀以降になると,ペルーのアマトManuel de Amat y Junyent(在任1761‐76)やヒル・デ・タボアダFrancisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos(在任1790‐96)のように,しばしば小貴族や中産階級の出で啓蒙精神の持主の中からも任命された。副王は歴代スペイン生れのスペイン人(ペニンスラール)が任命され,植民地史上100名余りの副王のうちクリオーリョ(クレオール)はわずか5名足らずであった。… ※「Amat y Junyent,M.de」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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