Inquiry Officer - Inquiry Officer

Japanese: 糺問司 - きゅうもんし

…The Army and Navy Courts Martial were established as special courts to try crimes under the military criminal code. Its predecessor was the Jitsumonji, which was established within the Ministry of War in August 1869 (Meiji 2). In 1872, the Ministry of War was divided into the Army and Navy Ministries, and these became the Army and Navy Courts, and in 1882, they became the Military Courts Martial. In April 1921, they were established by the Army and Navy Courts Martial Act, and continued until their abolition in May 1946. The current Self-Defense Forces are armed units whose sole purpose is self-defense in accordance with the spirit of the Constitution, and unlike the former military, they do not have a military criminal code. …

From the Court Martial

…A French military court consists of six officers and one local civilian judge (who acts as the presiding judge). In Japan, in 1872 (Meiji 5), a bureau of the Ministry of War, the Teimonshi, set up a provisional military court to conduct military court proceedings, but this eventually led to the establishment of an Army Court. The Japanese military court system was modeled after the French system, and is a translation of the French term conseil de guerre as military court. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Tsujimonji" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…軍刑法犯罪を裁くため特別裁判所として陸･海軍各軍法会議が設けられた。その前身は1869年(明治2)8月兵部省内に設けた糺問司で，72年兵部省が陸･海軍各省に分かれて所属が分かれ，陸･海軍各裁判所となり，82年軍法会議となり，1921年4月陸･海軍各軍法会議法により整備され，46年5月廃止まで続いた。　現在の自衛隊は憲法の精神により専ら自衛を目的とする武装部隊で，旧軍とは異なり軍刑法はない。…

【軍法会議】より

…フランスの軍法会議は6名の将校と1名の当該地方の文民裁判官(裁判長となる)からなる。　日本の場合1872年(明治5)，兵部省の一局，糺問司による〈軍法会議〉の〈仮会議〉を設け，軍法会議の事を行わせようとしたが，結局〈陸軍裁判所〉の設置がその発端となった。日本の軍法会議制度はフランスの制度にならったもので，フランス語のコンセイユ･ド･ゲールconseil de guerreを軍法会議と訳したものである。…

※「糺問司」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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