Hope, Bob

Japanese: ホープ（英語表記）Hope， Bob

Born: May 26, 1903, Eltham, near London
[Died] July 27, 2003. Truquerque, California. British-born American comedian. He moved to the United States with his family when he was four years old. At the age of ten, he won a Charlie Chaplin costume contest. In his late teens, he aspired to be an entertainer and was active in vaudeville. He made his Broadway debut in The Sidewalks of New York in 1927, and his musical debut in Roberta in 1933. In the mid-1930s, he was active mainly in short comedies and radio shows, making use of his natural witty delivery. In 1938, he made his film debut with A Million Dollar Show. In the 1940s, he teamed up with B. Crosby for the hit series The Road Trip, and his solo starring role in The Coward's Two Pistols (1948) was also well-received, along with the theme song Buttons and Ribbons, which he sang himself. Through these achievements, he became one of the most popular comedians in America, and received five Academy Awards in recognition of his achievements, including special and honorary awards. He also devoted himself to entertaining troops, visiting various countries during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Gulf War, and entertaining audiences with his specialty shows.

Hope
H-II Orbiting Plane; HOPE

The Japanese version of the space shuttle developed by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (→ Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). The concept of the aircraft was 18m long, 10m wide, 20t total weight, and over 3t of cargo capacity. It was planned as a means of supplying materials to the space station, recovering experimental results, and carrying out activities in orbit, and also as a means of various experiments and observations, taking advantage of the characteristics of an unmanned winged space plane. As the basic experiments in the development plan, the orbital re-entry experiment OREX was carried out in February 1994, the hypersonic flight experiment HYFLEX in February 1996, and the small automatic landing experiment ALFLEX in July-August 1996, and so on. Then, the basic design of the space shuttle technology test vehicle HOPE-X was started. However, in June 1997, the Japanese government announced a policy to reduce the cost of space development as part of the financial restructuring reform, and in response, the Science and Technology Agency suspended the development of "Hope" and decided to use a modified version of the test vehicle HOPE-X.

Hope
Hope, John

Born June 2, 1868 in Augusta, Georgia
Died: February 20, 1936, Atlanta. American educator. He advocated expanding opportunities for higher education for blacks, which was opposed to the technical education advocated by T. Booker and others at the time. Graduated from Brown University in 1894, he was a teacher at Roger William University until 1898, and then a professor of classics at Atlanta Baptist College (later Morehouse College), where he became president in 1906. He worked with W. Alexander to establish the Committee on International Cooperation, and was its first chairman. He was elected president of Atlanta University in 1829, a position he held until his death.

Hope
Hope, Alec Derwent

Born: July 21, 1907, Cooma, New South Wales
[Died] July 13, 2000. Canberra. Australian poet. Studied at both Sydney and Oxford universities. While teaching English literature at university, he wrote works criticizing established values, including his debut work The Wandering Islands (1955). In 1968 he became Professor Emeritus at the Australian National University. His other works include Poems (60) and a literary essay collection Native Companions (74).

Hope
Hope, Thomas

Born: 1769, Amsterdam
[Died] February 3, 1831, London. British philosopher, writer, architect, designer and art connoisseur. A leader in archaeological decoration and furniture revival. Son of a wealthy banker. He bought his own home in Surrey and decorated it in a neoclassical Regency style. He also wrote books on furniture and architecture, novels and philosophical works. His major work is "Household Furniture and Decoration" (1807).

Hope
Hope, Anthony

Born: February 9, 1863, London
[Died] July 8, 1933, Walton-on-the-Hill, Surrey. British novelist. Real name A.H. Hawkins. Graduated from Oxford University. He started out as a lawyer, but rose to fame with The Prisoner of Zenda (1894), set in the fictional kingdom of Ruritania, and went on to write many adventure novels.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1903.5.26. ロンドン近郊エルサム
[没]2003.7.27. カリフォルニア，トルーカレーク
イギリス生まれのアメリカの喜劇俳優。4歳のときに一家でアメリカに移住。 10歳でチャップリンの扮装コンテストに入賞，10代後半でエンターテイナーを志し，ボードビルで活躍した。 1927年ブロードウェーで The Sidewalks of New Yorkに初出演，1933年には Robertaでミュージカルデビューを果たすが，1930年代半ばはおもに数々の短編喜劇や，もちまえの軽妙なしゃべりを生かしたラジオ番組で活躍した。 1938年『百万弗大放送』で本格的に映画に進出し，1940年代は B.クロスビーとコンビを組んだ『珍道中』シリーズが大ヒット，単独主演した『腰抜け二挺拳銃』 (1948) も本人がうたった主題歌『ボタンとリボン』とともに大好評を博した。これらの活躍を通してアメリカ随一の人気コメディアンとなり，その功績が認められて特別賞や名誉賞など生涯に5回のアカデミー賞を受けた。また，軍隊慰問にも熱心で，第2次世界大戦，朝鮮戦争，ベトナム戦争，湾岸戦争時には各国を訪問，得意のショーで聴衆を沸かせた。

ホープ
H-II Orbiting Plane; HOPE

宇宙開発事業団 (→宇宙航空研究開発機構 ) による日本版スペースシャトル。機体の概念は，全長 18m，全幅 10m，全体重量 20tで荷物積載 3t以上。宇宙ステーションへの物質の補給や実験成果などの回収手段，軌道上での活動手段として，また，無人の宇宙有翼往還機という特性をいかし，さまざまな実験や観測の手段として計画された。開発計画の基本となる実験として，1994年2月軌道再突入実験 OREX，1996年2月極超音速飛行実験 HYFLEX，1996年7～8月の小型自動着陸実験 ALFLEXなどを実施，宇宙往還技術試験機 HOPE-Xの基本設計に入った。しかし，1997年6月日本政府は財政構造改革で宇宙開発への費用も抑制する方針を出し，これを受けて科学技術庁は「ホープ」の開発を中断，試験機 HOPE-Xの改修機を使用することになった。

ホープ
Hope， John

[生]1868.6.2. ジョージア，オーガスタ
[没]1936.2.20. アトランタ
アメリカの教育家。黒人のための高等普通教育の機会拡大を提唱し，当時の主流であった T.ブーカーらの技術教育の主張と対立した。 1894年ブラウン大学卒業，98年までロジャー・ウィリアム大学教師，引続きアトランタ・バプテスト・カレッジ (のちのモアハウス・カレッジ) 古典学教授，1906年同学長。 W.アレクサンダーと共同で国際協力委員会の設立に尽力，初代会長。 29年アトランタ大学学長に選任され，死去するまで在任。

ホープ
Hope， Alec Derwent

[生]1907.7.21. ニューサウスウェールズ，クーマ
[没]2000.7.13. キャンベラ
オーストラリアの詩人。シドニー，オックスフォード両大学で学ぶ。大学で英文学を講じるかたわら，『さまよえる島々』 The Wandering Islands (1955) でデビュー，既成の価値観を批判した作品を書く。 1968年オーストラリア国立大学名誉教授。ほかに『詩集』 Poems (60) ，文学論集『この国生れの仲間たち』 Native Companions (74) など。

ホープ
Hope， Thomas

[生]1769. アムステルダム
[没]1831.2.3. ロンドン
イギリスの哲学者，作家，建築家，デザイナー，美術鑑識家。考古学的な装飾や家具復興の指導者。富裕な銀行家の息子。サリー県に購入した自宅を新古典主義的な摂政時代のスタイルで装飾。家具，建築に関する著書，小説，哲学書も書いた。主著『家庭家具と室内装飾』 (1807) 。

ホープ
Hope， Anthony

[生]1863.2.9. ロンドン
[没]1933.7.8. サリー，ウォルトンオンザヒル
イギリスの小説家。本名 A. H. Hawkins。オックスフォード大学卒業。初め法曹界で活躍したが，架空のルリタニア王国を舞台とした『ゼンダ城の虜囚』 The Prisoner of Zenda (1894) で一躍有名になり，多くの冒険小説を書いた。

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