Acute Tonsillitis

Japanese: 急性扁桃炎 - きゅうせいへんとうえん(英語表記)Acute Tonsillitis
Acute Tonsillitis
[What kind of disease is it?]
This is a disease in which pathogenic microorganisms infect the tonsils (palatine tonsils), causing acute inflammation.
The tonsils have a dual role as both immune organs and infectious organs. Under normal circumstances, the tonsils have a strong immune function, so even if they are exposed to bacteria or viruses, they will eliminate them and infection will not occur. However, if the immune function of the tonsils is weakened due to overwork, stress, or poor throat hygiene, infection will occur and tonsillitis will develop.
[Cause]
The most common bacteria that cause this condition are beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (Strep), Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, but it is often caused by a virus.
Recently, tonsillitis can be caused by sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia and herpes simplex virus type II.
[Symptoms]
The throat is very sore, especially when swallowing. The body also feels fatigued and after a severe chill (chills), a high fever of 38 to 40 degrees Celsius develops.
In severe cases, swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes in the neck may occur.
When the palatine tonsils become red and swollen and severely inflamed, a dirty white moss (pus plugs) forms in the uneven, depressed areas (crypts) on the surface of the tonsils.
Diagnosis is easy and can be made by observing the symptoms and tonsils. Blood and bacterial tests may be performed to determine the severity of the condition and identify the causative bacteria.
[Treatment]
The main treatment is antibiotics and anti-inflammatory analgesics. Local treatments such as gargling and inhalation (antibiotics, steroids, antiplasmin agents) are also effective.
Usually, the condition will be cured after about a week of outpatient treatment, but if the patient is unable to eat or drink anything, hospitalization may be necessary to receive fluids and nutrients via intravenous drip.
[Precautions in daily life]
If you have no appetite due to a headache or fever and cannot eat or drink, make sure to drink fluids to prevent your body from becoming dehydrated.
Because you have a sore throat and difficulty opening your mouth, you should eat a bland liquid or soft diet, and make sure to take in plenty of good quality protein, vitamin C, and fluids.
Because acute tonsillitis is a common illness, some people try to treat it at home, but if the inflammation spreads, pus may accumulate around the tonsils (peritonsillar abscess) or it may spread to the larynx and cause difficulty in breathing (acute epiglottitis), so it is best to visit an otolaryngologist.

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:
[どんな病気か]
 病原微生物が扁桃(口蓋扁桃(こうがいへんとう))に感染し、急性の炎症がおこる病気です。
 扁桃は免疫臓器(めんえきぞうき)と感染臓器の二面性をもっています。通常の状態では扁桃の免疫能が強いため、細菌やウイルスにさらされても、これを排除し、感染はおこりません。しかし過労やストレス、のどの衛生状態の悪化などで扁桃の免疫能が低下すると、感染がおこり、扁桃炎が発症するといわれています。
[原因]
 原因となる細菌は、β溶血性(ベータようけつせい)レンサ球菌(きゅうきん)(溶連菌(ようれんきん))、黄色(おうしょく)ブドウ球菌(きゅうきん)、肺炎双球菌(はいえんそうきゅうきん)などが多いのですが、ウイルスによる場合も少なくありません。
 最近では、性行為によってクラミジア、単純ヘルペスウイルスⅡ型が感染して扁桃炎がおこることもあります。
[症状]
 のどの痛みが強く、ものを飲み込むときにとくに痛みます。また、からだがだるく、ひどい寒け(悪寒(おかん))がした後、38~40℃の高い熱が出ます。
 重症になると、圧痛をともなう頸部(けいぶ)リンパ節の腫(は)れがみられます。
 口蓋扁桃が赤く腫れ、炎症がひどくなると、扁桃の表面にある凹凸のへこんだ部分(陰窩(いんか))に一致して、汚い白色の苔(こけ)(膿栓(のうせん))がつきます。
 診断は容易で、症状と扁桃の観察をすればわかります。血液検査や細菌検査を行なって、病状の程度や起炎菌(きえんきん)を調べることもあります。
[治療]
 抗生物質と消炎鎮痛薬の服用が治療の中心です。うがいや吸入(抗生物質、ステロイド、抗プラスミン剤)などの局所療法も有効です。
 ふつうは1週間程度の通院で治りますが、まったく飲食物がとれないようなときは、点滴で水分と栄養を補うため入院が必要になることもあります。
[日常生活の注意]
 頭痛、発熱のために食欲がなく、飲食物がとれないときは、からだが脱水状態にならないように、水分だけは補給するようにします。
 のどの痛み、開口障害があるので、刺激の少ない流動食か軟食にし、良質のたんぱく質、ビタミンC、さらに水分を十分とるようにします。
 急性扁桃炎はありふれた病気のため、家庭での治療で治そうとする人もいますが、炎症が広がると扁桃の周囲に膿(うみ)がたまったり(扁桃周囲膿瘍(へんとうしゅういのうよう))、喉頭(こうとう)に波及して呼吸困難をおこしたり(急性喉頭蓋炎(きゅうせいこうとうがいえん))するので、耳鼻咽喉科(じびいんこうか)を受診したほうがよいでしょう。

出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報

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