Maghreb

Japanese: マグリブ

Also known as Maghreb. In Arabic, it means "land of the setting sun" (west) and is the opposite of Mashriq (land of the rising sun, Eastern Arabia). It refers to the North African region and countries from Tunisia west to Algeria and Morocco. It may also include Libya, Mauritania, and Western Sahara. The Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west bring warm weather and rain, while the Sahara Desert to the south brings hot winds. The Atlas Mountains run east to west along the Mediterranean coast, and the coastal plains to the north are hot and dry in summer and rainy in winter, making them suitable for growing grains and fruit. Many of the indigenous Berbers who became Islamized and Arabized after the 7th century are also native speakers of Berber languages. There is a history of caravan trade with Black Africa south of the Sahara, and there are many black residents in the south. The Maghreb has had deep ties with the Mediterranean and European worlds since ancient times. In ancient Phoenician, Greek, and Roman times, the inhabitants of the Maghreb were called Barbarians, and the region was called Barbary, from which the word Berber came. During the period of Islamic dynasties from the 7th century onwards, the Maghreb dynasty ruled the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula from the 11th to 13th centuries, and during the Reconquista, a large number of Jews migrated to the Maghreb. In 1995, the International Conference of European and Mediterranean Countries was held in Barcelona, where discussions were held on the creation of a free trade area including the Maghreb region, with the goal of 2010.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

〈マグレブ〉とも。アラビア語で〈日の没する地〉（西）を意味し，マシュリク（日が昇る地，東アラブ）の対語。チュニジア以西のアルジェリア，モロッコにいたる北アフリカ地域・諸国をさす。リビア，モーリタニア，西サハラを含めることもある。北の地中海，西の大西洋は温暖な気候と雨をもたらし，南のサハラ砂漠は熱風を運ぶ。地中海岸には東西にアトラス山脈が走り，その北側沿岸の平野は夏は高温・乾燥し冬は多雨で，穀物や果樹の栽培に適している。住民は，先住のベルベル系が７世紀以降にイスラム化・アラブ化した者が多い。ベルベル諸語を母語とする人々も居住する。サハラ以南のブラック・アフリカとのキャラバン交易の歴史もあり，南部では黒人系の住民が多い。マグリブは古来，地中海，ヨーロッパ世界とも深い関係をもつ。古代フェニキア，ギリシア，ローマ時代にはマグリブの住民はバルバロイ（野蛮人），この地はバルバリアと呼ばれ，これがベルベルの語源となった。７世紀以降のイスラム諸王朝の時代には，マグリブの王朝が11―13世紀にイベリア半島南部を支配したほか，レコンキスタでは大量のユダヤ教徒がマグリブに移住するなどした。1995年にはバルセロナで〈ヨーロッパ地中海諸国国際会議〉が開催され，2010年を目標にマグリブ地域を含めた自由貿易地域の創設について話し合われた。
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