This is a public opinion poll conducted by the American Institute for Public Opinion Research, which was established in 1935 by G.H. Gallup. The Institute is known throughout the United States and the world for the high accuracy of public opinion polls, which are based on scientific methodology (statistical probability theory) sampling (selection of respondents) and interview surveys. Even today, Gallup polls are the most reliable surveys conducted by private polling companies in the United States. In the 1936 presidential election, when Literacy Digest, which had been the authority in predicting presidential elections, made a major mistake in its predictions, Gallup accurately predicted F.D. Roosevelt's victory, which made them famous. Gallup still frequently conducts various public opinion polls in the United States, including predictions for presidential elections, and has formed a network called Gallup International, which includes polling companies from 50 countries. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
G.H.ギャラップが 1935年に設立したアメリカ世論調査研究所が行なっている世論調査。科学的な方法論 (統計学的な確率論) による標本抽出 (回答者の選出) ならびに面接法による調査によって世論調査が精度の高いものであることを,全米および世界に知らせた功績があり,現在も民間の世論調査会社の調査としてはギャラップ調査がアメリカで最も信頼性が高い。 36年の大統領選挙で,それまで大統領選挙の予測で権威のあったリタラシー・ダイジェストの予測が大幅にはずれたときに,正確に F.D.ルーズベルトの当選を予測して一躍有名になった。現在も大統領選挙の予測をはじめとしてアメリカでの各種世論調査を頻繁に実施しており,ギャラップ・インターナショナルという 50ヵ国におよぶ世論調査会社が加盟するネットワークも形成している。
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