Adenine

Japanese: アデニン - あでにん(英語表記)adenine
Adenine

A type of nucleic acid base. It is a purine derivative formed by condensing a nitrogen-containing 5-membered ring and a 6-membered ring, and has a 6-aminopurine structure. It is a basic substance obtained from living organisms and is contained in living organisms as a component of nucleic acids, ADP (adenosine diphosphate), ATP (adenosine triphosphate), etc. It is rarely found in free form, but is occasionally found in tea leaves. In DNA molecules, it forms a complementary base pair with thymine to stabilize the double helix structure. In RNA molecules, it may form a complementary base pair with uracil. It is also a component of coenzymes involved in important reactions in the body, such as FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), FMN (flavin mononucleotide), NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), and coenzyme A.

It is slightly soluble in cold water, but soluble in acids and bases. It is insoluble in ether and chloroform. It decomposes when heated to 180-200°C in hydrochloric acid. It becomes hypoxanthine when reacted with nitrous acid. It forms urea when oxidized. It forms salts with acids and bases.

[Kenichi Kasai]

[References] | Adenosine triphosphate | Adenosine diphosphate | Uracil | Nucleic acid | Thymine | Purine
Structural formula of adenine
©Shogakukan ">

Structural formula of adenine


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

核酸塩基の一種。窒素を含む5員環と6員環が縮合したプリンの誘導体で、6-アミノプリンの構造をもつ。生物から得られる塩基性物質で、生体中に核酸、ADP(アデノシン二リン酸)、ATP(アデノシン三リン酸)などの構成成分として含まれており、遊離した形で存在することはほとんどないが、まれに茶の葉などにみいだされる。DNA分子内では、チミンとの間に相補的塩基対を形成し、二重螺旋(らせん)構造を安定化している。RNA分子中では、ウラシルとの間に相補的塩基対をつくる場合がある。またFAD(フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド)、FMN(フラビンモノヌクレオチド)、NAD(ニコチン酸アミドアデニンジヌクレオチド)、NADP(ニコチン酸アミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸)、補酵素Aなど、生体内の重要な反応に関係する補酵素の構成成分である。

 冷水には溶けにくいが、酸や塩基にはよく溶ける。エーテルやクロロホルムには溶けない。塩酸中で180~200℃に加熱すると分解する。亜硝酸を作用させるとヒポキサンチンになる。酸化すると尿素を生成する。酸および塩基と塩をつくる。

[笠井献一]

[参照項目] | アデノシン三リン酸 | アデノシン二リン酸 | ウラシル | 核酸 | チミン | プリン
アデニンの構造式
©Shogakukan">

アデニンの構造式


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