The concept of functional psychology generally refers to psychology that studies the workings of the mind, as opposed to psychology that studies what comes to mind (consciousness contents), but here we will limit our explanation to the meaning of functional psychology, which is opposed to the constructive psychology of British psychologist Titchener. The trend of C. Darwin's theory of evolution was accepted in the American culture, and formed the undercurrent of American psychology beginning with W. James, which became the basis of functional psychology. At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a dispute between this school and Titchener's constructive psychology, which studied the contents of consciousness, and as a result, functionalist psychology was established, represented by the Chicago School of Dewey, James Rowland Angell (1869-1949), Harvey A. Carr (1873-1954), and the Columbia School of James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944), Robert Sessions Woodworth (1869-1962), among others. Its characteristic is that it regards the workings of the mind as the product of adaptation to the environment, but it was soon absorbed by behaviorism advocated by Watson. American psychology is essentially functionalist. [Utsugi Tamotsu] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
機能心理学という概念は一般に心の働きを研究する心理学のことで、心に浮かぶもの(意識内容)を研究する心理学などに対立するものであるが、ここではイギリスの心理学者ティチナーの構成心理学に対立する機能主義心理学の意味に限定して説明する。C・ダーウィンの進化論の流れはアメリカの風土に受け入れられ、W・ジェームズに始まるアメリカ心理学の底流をなしており、これが機能主義心理学の母体となった。 20世紀の初めに、この流派と意識内容を研究するティチナーの構成心理学との間に論争があり、その結果デューイ、エンジェルJames Rowland Angell(1869―1949)、カーHarvey A. Carr(1873―1954)らのシカゴ学派とキャッテルJames Mckeen Cattell(1860―1944)、ウッドワースRobert Sessions Woodworth(1869―1962)らのコロンビア学派によって代表される機能主義心理学が成立した。その特徴は、心の働きを環境に対する適応の産物としてとらえる点にあるが、まもなくワトソンの主張する行動主義によって吸収された。アメリカの心理学は本質的に機能主義的である。 [宇津木保] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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