A narrow strait between the westernmost tip of Honshu and the northernmost tip of Kyushu. It is also called the Shimonoseki Strait. It is located at the western entrance of the Seto Inland Sea, connecting the Suo Nada Sea and the Hibikinada Sea, and is the most important waterway for maritime traffic in western Japan. The narrowest part is called Hayatomono Seto, between Dannoura in Shimonoseki City and Mekari in Moji, Kitakyushu City. It is about 650 meters wide, 20 meters deep, and the maximum tidal current is 8 knots, and the water level difference is as much as 1.6 meters at spring tides. It is known as a difficult place to navigate, as shipping routes connecting the continent and Kitakyushu with Hanshin converge here, and the strait route, which is maintained at 500 meters wide and 15 meters deep, is a compulsory pilotage area. At the western entrance to this strait is Hikoshima (area 9.8 square kilometers), which is divided into Koseto on the Shimonoseki side and Oseto on the Moji side, but the Okinoshima area east of Hikoshima was converted into a vast reclaimed land in 1942 (Showa 17), and Koseto became the entrance to Shimonoseki fishing port, so Oseto is now the western entrance to the strait. The Sanyo Main Line railway tunnel, which opened in 1942, passes through the seabed of Oseto. Meanwhile, the Kanmon National Highway Tunnel (opened in 1958) and the Shinkansen's Shinkanmon Tunnel (opened in 1975) also pass through the seabed of Hayatomonoseto, the narrowest part of the strait. Spanning the strait is the Kanmon Bridge (opened in 1973), a six-lane motor vehicle-only bridge that connects the Chugoku Expressway and the Kyushu Expressway, and is the only one in the world to have a triple multi-level traffic structure that connects undersea, above sea, and above land (bridge). On either side of the strait are the port cities of Shimonoseki and Moji, and the Kitakyushu industrial area unfolds. For a panoramic view of the Kanmon Strait, take the ropeway from Dannoura on the Shimonoseki side to Hinoyama Park, an excellent observation deck, where the "million-dollar night view" that colors the strait at night is also wonderful. [Hajime Miura] [References] | | | | | | | | | |Hikoshima| |View from Hinoyama Park in Shimonoseki City. Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture and Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture ©Yamaguchi Prefecture Tourism Federation Hayatomonoseto This is a bridge for automobiles that connects Shimonoseki City (in the back of the photo) and Moji in Kitakyushu City. It opened in 1973 (Showa 48). It is 1,068m long (712m central span) and 61m above sea level. The area around the bridge pier on the opposite bank is the site of the destruction of the Heike clan, known as Dannoura. Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture and Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture ©Shogakukan "> Kanmon Bridge Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
本州最西端と九州北端の間の狭い海峡。下関海峡(しものせきかいきょう)ともいう。瀬戸内海の西口にあたり、周防灘(すおうなだ)と響灘(ひびきなだ)とを結ぶ、西日本の海上交通上もっとも重要な水路となっている。最狭部は下関市壇之浦(だんのうら)と北九州市門司(もじ)の和布刈(めかり)との間で、早鞆ノ瀬戸(はやとものせと)という。幅約650メートル、水深20メートル、潮流最高8ノットで、大潮時には1.6メートルにも及ぶ水位差を生ずる。大陸および北九州と阪神とを結ぶ航路が集中し、航路上の難所として知られており、幅500メートル、水深15メートルとして整備されている海峡航路は強制水先区域となっている。この海峡の西口には、彦島(ひこしま)(面積9.8平方キロメートル)があって、その下関側は小瀬戸、門司側は大瀬戸に分かれるが、彦島の東の沖ノ洲一帯が1942年(昭和17)広大な埋立地に変わり、小瀬戸は下関漁港の入口となったので、大瀬戸がこの海峡の西口となっている。大瀬戸の海底部は42年に開通した山陽本線の鉄道トンネルが貫通している。一方、最狭部の早鞆ノ瀬戸の海底部にも関門国道トンネル(1958年開通)と新幹線の新関門トンネル(1975年開通)が貫通する。海峡をまたいでは中国自動車道と九州自動車道とを結ぶ自動車専用橋(6車線)の関門橋(1973年開通)が架かり、海底、海上、陸上(橋梁(きょうりょう))の三重の立体交通構造をもつのは世界でもほかに例がない。海峡を挟んで、港湾都市の下関と門司とが相対し、北九州工業地帯が展開している。関門海峡を大観するには、下関側の壇之浦からロープウェーで上る火の山公園が絶好の展望台で、夜の海峡を彩る「100万ドルの夜景」もすばらしい。 [三浦 肇] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | |下関市火の山公園からの眺望。山口県下関市・福岡県北九州市©一般社団法人山口県観光連盟"> 早鞆ノ瀬戸 下関市(写真奥側)と北九州市門司とを結ぶ自動車専用橋。1973年(昭和48)開通。全長1068m(中央径間712m)、海面からの高さは61m。対岸の橋脚一帯が平家滅亡の地壇之浦である。山口県下関市・福岡県北九州市©Shogakukan"> 関門橋 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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