Thermometers that utilize the change in pressure of a liquid or gas depending on the temperature. They are classified into the following three types, but sometimes only (1) and (2) are called pressure thermometers, in which case the whole, including (3), is called a flood thermometer. All of them are simple in structure and durable, and when used as a recorder, they do not require a power source, making them convenient and safe. (1) The temperature sensor is filled only with a liquid (mercury, kerosene, ethyl alcohol, etc.), (2) The temperature sensor is filled only with a gas (helium or nitrogen), or (3) The temperature sensor is filled with a liquid and its vapor of a certain substance (propane, toluene, ethyl ether, etc.), and indicates temperature by utilizing the fact that the saturated vapor pressure is determined by the temperature of the interface between the liquid and the vapor. The range of temperatures that can be measured is narrow, but the sensitivity is generally high. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
液体または気体の圧力が温度によって変わることを利用した温度計。次の3種に分類されるが,そのうちの(1)(2)だけを圧力式温度計と呼ぶ場合もあり,その場合には,(3)を含めた全体を充満式温度計と呼ぶ。いずれも構造が簡単でじょうぶであり,記録計として利用する場合,電源を必要としないから便利で安全である。(1)感温部は液体(水銀,ケロシン,エチルアルコールなど)だけで充満されている,(2)感温部は気体(ヘリウムか窒素)だけで充満されている,(3)感温部はある物質(プロパン,トルエン,エチルエーテルなど)の液体およびその蒸気で充満されており,飽和蒸気圧が液体と蒸気との境界面の温度で決まることを利用して温度を指示させる温度計で,測定できる温度の範囲は狭いが感度は一般に大である。
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