Sangoushiiki

A Buddhist book from the early Heian period. 3 volumes. Written when Kukai was 24 years old. Contains notes dated December 1, 797. In the preface, he gives his autobiography and declares his intention to become a monk. In the first volume, Professor Kimo preaches the Confucian path to personal success, and in the middle volume, Kyobuinshi describes the Taoist art of immortality. In the second volume, a man named Kameikotsuji, thought to be a self-portrait of Kukai, appears and recites a verse on impermanence, words of reward, and a verse on the sea of ​​birth and death, and claims that the teaching of the Buddha's compassion towards all things is the most excellent teaching. The other two characters submit to the Buddhism preached by Kana Kotsuji, and at the end, the three sing a ten-rhyme poem in chorus as the curtain falls. The gist of the poem is that there are various teachings such as Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism that are based on people's inclinations, qualities, and abilities, but among them, Mahayana Buddhism is superior as it saves all. This work is a philosophical drama written in the Shirokubenreitai style, which was popular in China from the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, and is considered a highlight of the history of Chinese literature in Japan. Another copy is Kukai's handwritten "Roukoshiiki" in three volumes (national treasure), which is said to be a herbal version of "Sankyoshiiki."

[Yukatsu Miyasaka]

Teruhiro Watanabe and Yukatsu Miyasaka's annotated Sankyo Shiiki and Seireishu (Japanese Classical Literature Series 71, 1965, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安初期の仏教書。3巻。空海24歳のときの著作。延暦(えんりゃく)16年（797）12月1日の手記がある。序文では自伝を述べ、出家を宣言する。上巻では亀毛(きもう)先生が儒教の立身出世の道を説き、中巻では虚亡隠士(きょぶいんし)が道教の不老不死の神仙(しんせん)術を述べる。下巻は空海の自画像と思われる仮名乞児(かめいこつじ)が登場して、無常の賦(ふ)、受報の詞(ことば)、生死海(しょうじかい)の賦などを唱え、すべてのものに対する仏の慈悲の教えこそもっとも優れたものであるとする。他の2人の人物は仮名乞児の説く仏教に服し、終わりに3人が十韻の詩を合唱して幕が下りるという構成。詩の趣旨は、人々の性向、素質、能力に応じて、それぞれに儒教、道教、仏教などさまざまな教えがあるが、そのなかですべての者を救済する大乗仏教が優れている、と説く。本書は中国六朝(りくちょう)から唐代にかけて行われた四六駢儷体(しろくべんれいたい)で書かれた思想劇であり、わが国漢文学史上の白眉(はくび)とされる。なお、別本に空海の真筆『聾瞽指帰(ろうこしいき)』3巻（国宝）があり、『三教指帰』の草本といわれる。

［宮坂宥勝］

『渡辺照宏・宮坂宥勝校注『三教指帰・性霊集』（『日本古典文学大系71』1965・岩波書店）』

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