Cyclamen - Shikuramen (English spelling) cyclamen

Japanese: シクラメン - しくらめん(英語表記)cyclamen
Cyclamen - Shikuramen (English spelling) cyclamen

A bulbous plant of the Primulaceae family (APG classification: Primulaceae). Its Japanese name is Kagaribibana because the flowers that bloom on the leaves resemble bonfires. Over a dozen species grow wild from Greece and Syria to central and southern Europe, and all of them have tubers underground. Of these, the representative species, Persicum, was introduced to Europe and bred in Germany and the Netherlands, resulting in many lineages and varieties. It was introduced to Japan at the end of the Meiji period. In Europe, it is available almost year-round, but in Japan, it is grown as a potted plant from the end of the year to spring, and is the most produced potted flower. Flower colors include red, peach, wisteria, and white, and in addition to the usual flat petals, there are also varieties with wavy petals and double flowers. In Japan, red varieties were the norm, but in recent years bright colors such as peach and white have become popular, and more recently, intermediate colors have become mainstream. In recent years, first-generation hybrid (F 1 ) varieties that grow vigorously and have well-matched flowers have been developed and spread. Miniature cyclamen varieties, which are smaller overall, are also being cultivated.

[Hisao Tsurushima March 22, 2021]

Cultivation

They are grown in greenhouses or vinyl greenhouses, and take 15 months from sowing to flowering. Seeds are sown in early October, and from the following spring through summer, they are gradually transplanted from small pots into larger pots and grown. They are generally shipped at the end of the year. They prefer a cool climate, with an optimum temperature of 10-15°C, so they should be shaded in the summer and grown in as cool an environment as possible. For this reason, some areas also grow seedlings in highlands, where they are moved to highlands only in the summer. The soil used should be well-drained, and careful care should be taken to prevent it from drying out. They are also prone to bulb wilt, bacterial leaf rot, and gray mold, so great care must be taken to prevent these.

[Hisao Tsurushima March 22, 2021]

Cultural history

In ancient Greece, it was treated as a medicinal herb. In Dioscorides's "De Materia Medica" (1st century), it is classified as a pungent herb along with ginger and pepper, and is listed as a remedy for snakebites, hair loss, chilblains, and emmenagogues. Breeding of cyclamen flowers began in 1870, when propagation by seed was established in America, but it did not become widespread until after World War II, and in Japan from the 1960s onwards. The word cyclamen is derived from the Greek word kyklos, meaning "to turn," and comes from the fact that the flower stalks of wild species turn in a spiral after flowering.

[Hiroshi Yuasa March 22, 2021]

cyclamen
A perennial plant native to the eastern Mediterranean. It was introduced to Japan at the end of the Meiji period, and is now widely grown as a potted plant from late December to spring. Flowers come in red, pink, white, and more. In addition to the usual flat petals, there are also varieties with wavy petals and double-flowered varieties. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose ">

cyclamen


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

サクラソウ科(APG分類:サクラソウ科)の球根草。葉の上に咲く花がかがり火に似ているところから和名をカガリビバナともいう。ギリシア、シリアからヨーロッパ中南部に十数種が自生し、いずれも地下に塊茎がある。このうち、代表種のパーシカム種がヨーロッパに入ってドイツ、オランダなどで品種改良され、多数の系統、品種が生まれている。日本には明治末期に渡来した。ヨーロッパではほぼ周年出回っているが、日本では年末から春にかけての鉢物として生産され、鉢花のなかでは生産量はトップを占めている。花色には赤、桃、藤、白色などがあり、花形も普通の平弁のほか、波状弁の品種や八重咲きなどがある。日本では最初、赤色品種が主体であったが、近年は桃、白など明るい色が好まれ、ごく最近では中間色に近いものが主流になっている。ここ数年、生育旺盛(おうせい)で花がよくそろう一代雑種(F1)品種も育成され、広まっている。また、全体に小柄なミニシクラメンの品種も育成されている。

[鶴島久男 2021年3月22日]

栽培

温室かビニルハウス内で育てるが、播種(はしゅ)から開花まで15か月かかる。10月上旬に播種し、翌春から夏にかけ、小鉢からしだいに大鉢に植え替えて育てる。一般には年末に出荷される。冷涼な気候を好み、10~15℃が適温なので、夏季は日よけをし、なるべく涼しい環境で育てる。このため一部では、夏だけ高冷地に移して栽培する高冷地育苗も行われている。用土は排水のよい材料を用い、乾かさないようきめの細かい管理が必要である。また、球根の萎凋(いちょう)病、葉腐(はぐされ)細菌病、灰色かび病が出やすく、この防除にも十分気をつけなければならない。

[鶴島久男 2021年3月22日]

文化史

古代ギリシアでは薬草として扱われた。ディオスコリデスの『薬物誌』(1世紀)では、ショウガやコショウとともに刺激性のある薬草類に分類され、ヘビの咬(か)み傷、脱毛、しもやけ、通経などの薬としてあげられている。シクラメンの花の品種改良は、アメリカで実生(みしょう)繁殖が確立された1870年から進められたが、普及するのは第二次世界大戦後で、日本では昭和40年代以降である。シクラメンはギリシア語のkyklos「回転」から派生した語で、野生種の花茎が花後に螺旋(らせん)状に回ることによる。

[湯浅浩史 2021年3月22日]

シクラメン
東地中海原産の多年草。日本へは明治末期に渡来し、現在は年末から春にかけての鉢物として多く生産される。花色は赤色、桃色、白色など。普通の平弁のほか、波状弁の品種や八重咲きのものなどがある©Shogakukan 撮影/広瀬雅敏">

シクラメン


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Dhikr (English spelling)

>>:  Zsigmondy (English spelling) Richard Adolf Zsigmondy

Recommend

Family precepts - Kakun

Parents leave instructions to their descendants i...

Caricature - Caricature (English spelling)

It is translated as caricature, cartoon, or comic...

Tadayoshi Yamauchi

Year of death: 24th November 1665 (10th January 16...

Cybernetics - Cybernetics

A scientific theory proposed by the American math...

Ginpara - black-headed munia

A bird of the order Passeriformes in the class Av...

Greater Bearded Bat - Greater Bearded Bat

...There are 12 species in Japan, accounting for ...

Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers

...In Japan, there is no discrimination between m...

Bṛhat‐kathā

A great collection of tales from ancient India tha...

Indian saffron (English spelling)

… [Hoshikawa Kiyochika] [dye] A hot water extract...

social landscape

...Although there are some issues regarding calli...

Ethyl acetoacetate (English spelling)

...These abnormal metabolic products are found in...

Isolhythm - Isolhythm

…Originally, Ars Nova was the title of a book on ...

Uniform pitch blade

…The blade angle is large at the base, and the ci...

Exonuclease

Among the enzymes that break down nucleic acids, ...

Nobuo Ina

Photography critic. Born in Matsuyama, Ehime Pref...