The unit of concentration of a solution is called normality, and is symbolized by N. Normality is defined as the number of gram equivalents of solute contained in 1 cubic decimeter (previously liter) of solution. When 1 gram equivalent of solute is contained in 1 cubic decimeter of solution, the concentration of the solution is called 1 normality, and the solution is called a 1 normal solution, or simply a normal solution. For example, a solution containing 40.00 grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 1 cubic decimeter of solution is said to be 1 normality (written as 1N). This concentration indication is widely used because it is convenient for concentration calculations such as volumetric analysis, since it is based on the number of gram equivalents. However, the gram equivalent of a substance is not always constant. For example, (1) when potassium permanganate acts as an oxidizing agent in an acidic solution, 1 mole is 5 normality, but (2) when it reacts in a neutral or alkaline solution, 1 mole is 3 normality. (1)MnO 4 - +8H + +5e - -→Mn 2+ +4H 2 O [Yoshio Narusawa] [Reference] | | | | |Sodium | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
溶液の濃度を表す単位を規定といい、記号Nを用いる。規定度は溶液1立方デシメートル(以前はリットル)中に何グラム当量の溶質を含むかで定義される。溶液1立方デシメートル中に1グラム当量の溶質を含むとき、その溶液の濃度を1規定といい、その溶液を1規定液、あるいは単に規定液という。たとえば溶液1立方デシメートル中に水酸化ナトリウムNaOH40.00グラムを含む溶液は1規定(1Nと書く)であるという。この濃度表示は、グラム当量数を基礎とする点で容量分析などの濃度計算に便利であるため、広く用いられている。しかし一つの物質のグラム当量はいつでも一定とは限らない。たとえば、(1)過マンガン酸カリウムは、酸性溶液中で酸化剤として働くときは1モルが5規定であるが、(2)中性ないしはアルカリ性で反応するときは1モルが3規定となる。 (1)MnO4-+8H++5e-―→Mn2++4H2O [成澤芳男] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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