Gas bearing; gas-lubricated bearing

Japanese: 気体軸受 - きたいじくうけ（英語表記）gas bearing; gas-lubricated bearing

A type of sliding bearing that uses air or other gases as a lubricant. Also called a gas bearing. Used when very low friction loss is required or when oil is undesirable. There are two types of gas bearings: dynamic pressure gas bearings, which automatically form a gas film by sliding motion to lift the shaft, and static pressure gas bearings, which create a film using external gas pressure. Gas has a higher compressibility than lubricating liquids and its viscosity coefficient is about 1/1000, so the load capacity of dynamic pressure bearings is small and they are only used for small shafts with light loads. Since static pressure types use external gas pressure, they are easier to apply than dynamic pressure types. Recently, grooved dynamic pressure bearings, which have a relatively large load capacity and are stable, have been put into practical use. They are widely used in bearings for ultracentrifuges and grinding machine spindles, bearings for nuclear equipment exposed to radiation, instrument bearings that require low friction, bearings for food and spinning industry equipment that does not tolerate oil, and bearings for refrigeration and medical equipment.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

すべり軸受の一種で，潤滑剤として空気をはじめ種々の気体を用いる。ガスベアリングともいう。非常に低い摩擦損失が要求される場合や油分が嫌われるときなどに使用される。滑り運動によって自動的に気体膜を形成して軸を浮き上がらせる動圧気体軸受と，外部からの気体圧力を利用して膜を作成する静圧気体軸受とに分けられる。気体は潤滑液体に比べて圧縮性が大きく粘性係数も約 1/1000 なので，動圧型の軸受負荷容量は小さく，軽荷重の小型軸のみに適用される。静圧型は外部からの気体圧力を利用するので，動圧型より応用しやすい。動圧型も最近では比較的負荷容量が大きくて安定性に富むグルーブ軸受が実用化されている。超遠心分離機や研削盤スピンドルの軸受をはじめとして，放射線にさらされる原子力機器の軸受，低摩擦を要求される計器用軸受，油分を嫌う食品や紡績工業用機器の軸受，冷凍および医療機器の軸受などに広く使用されている。

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