A German trade union leader. He joined the Social Democratic Party in 1885 and began trade union activities the following year in 1886. In 1890, when the Social Democratic Party-affiliated union federation (Free Trade Union) was established, he became chairman of its general affairs committee. He expanded the trade unions and developed them into a mainstay of the labor movement alongside the party. At the same time, he became a leader of reformism centered on the trade unions, and in the debate over policy within the Social Democratic Party, he confronted the mass activists and radicals. During World War I, he actively cooperated with the wartime regime, and during the postwar revolution, he formed a central labor cooperative with management organizations and prevented the revolution from progressing in exchange for recognition of the status of labor unions and improvements to working conditions. He fought against the Kapp Putsch in 1920 with a general strike and led the overthrow of an anti-republican coup d'état. [Kimura Seiji] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの労働組合運動指導者。1885年、社会民主党に入党、翌1886年から労働組合活動に入った。1890年、社会民主党系の組合連合組織(自由労働組合)が成立すると、その総務委員会議長に就任。労働組合を拡大し、党と並ぶ労働運動の主柱へと発展させた。同時に労働組合を中心とする改良主義の指導者ともなり、社会民主党内の路線論争では、大衆行動派、急進派と対決した。第一次世界大戦下では積極的に戦時体制に協力、戦後の革命に際しては、経営者団体と中央労働協同体を結成し、労組の地位の承認、労働条件の改善と引き換えに、革命の進展を阻止した。1920年のカップ一揆(いっき)にはゼネストで対抗、反共和派のクーデター打倒を指導した。 [木村靖二] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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