Disguised unemployment

Japanese: 偽装失業 - ぎそうしつぎょう

...In reality, this is low-level employment that does not guarantee treatment or working conditions commensurate with one's skills and knowledge, and so could be considered unemployment, but in actual statistical processing, the person is still classified as employed. However, such employment that does not match an individual's knowledge and skills (employment that does not fully utilize one's potential marginal productivity) is usually called disguised unemployment, or more broadly, underemployment. There may also be potentially unemployed people among the non-labor force.

From [Underemployment]

...The income from such employment was extremely low, and the working hours and other working conditions were also very poor, so they desperately searched for more advantageous jobs. This state of employment is called underemployment (low-income employment) or disguised unemployment (latent unemployment). At the time, some estimated the number of underemployed people at 10 million, but as statistical surveys aimed at clarifying underemployment (such as the Basic Survey on Employment Structure by the Statistics Bureau of the Management and Coordination Agency) were developed, it came to be estimated that even among this large number of underemployed people, the transferable labor force that could be immediately transferred to other jobs and therefore serve as the immediate target of employment policy was around 2 million.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "fake unemployment" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…これも実態としてみれば，彼の技能や知識に相応するだけの待遇や労働条件が保証されない低位の雇用であるから，失業ともみなされうるが，現実の統計処理では，やはり依然として就業者として分類される。ただし，このような，個人の知識･技能に相応する雇用を得ていない就業(彼の潜在的な限界生産力を十分に発揮しきっていない就業)を偽装失業，あるいはより広く不完全就業と呼ぶのが普通である。　また非労働力人口のなかにも，潜在的な失業者が存在していることがある。…

【不完全就業】より

…そうした就業のもたらす収入は著しく低く，労働時間その他の就業条件もいたって劣悪なものであり，彼らはより有利な職はないかと血眼になっていた。こうした就業の状態を不完全就業(低所得就業)もしくは偽装失業(潜在失業)と呼ぶ。当時，一部では不完全就業者数1000万人との算定も行われたが，不完全就業の解明を目的とした統計調査(総務庁統計局の〈就業構造基本調査〉など)が整備されてくるにつれて，このような大量な不完全就業のなかでも，ただちに他の職業に移ることのできる，それゆえに雇用政策の当面の目標となりうる転用可能労働力は200万人程度であろうと見積もられるようになった。…

※「偽装失業」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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