…Originally, it referred to thread-like structures that appear during cell division and stain well with basic dyes (W. Waldeyer, 1888), but after research by T. H. Morgan and others revealed that genes are arranged linearly in these structures, in genetics, it has come to refer to genetic units corresponding to individual linkage groups, that is, a series of linearly arranged genes. In cytology, the term chromosome is not limited to the thread-like structures seen during cell division, but also refers to those that are so stretched out in the interphase nucleus that they can no longer be recognized as thread-like structures, and to individual genetic information molecules that exist in the nuclear region of bacteria, virus particles, and eukaryotic organelles. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "heterochromatin" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…もともとは,細胞分裂時に現れる,塩基性色素によく染まる糸状構造体のことをいったが(W.ワルダイアー,1888),T.H.モーガンらの研究により,この構造体に遺伝子が線状に配列していることがわかってから,遺伝学的には,個々の連鎖群に対応する遺伝的単位,すなわち線状に配列した一連の遺伝子をさすようになった。また,細胞学的には細胞分裂時にみられる糸状構造体に限らず,中間期の核において極度に伸びきって糸状構造として認められなくなっているものや,細菌の核域,ウイルス粒子,真核生物のオルガネラなどに存在する個々の遺伝情報分子をも染色体と呼ぶようになってきている。… ※「異質クロマチン」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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