The average annual humidity in various parts of Japan is 60-80%, but when winds blow over mountain ranges and become downdrafts (föhn winds), it can drop below 30%. The lower the humidity of the surrounding air and the faster the wind speed, the greater the amount of evaporation from the surfaces of plant leaves and other parts of the plant. Therefore, when a typhoon or low pressure system passes nearby and these conditions are met, white heads and wilting of crops occur, a condition known as dry wind damage. If these conditions occur at night, when humidity levels normally rise due to diurnal changes, the impact on plants is great. [Nakajima Nobutaro] Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
日本各地の年平均湿度は60~80%であるが,山脈を風が越えて下降気流(フェーン)になると30%以下になることがある。植物の葉などの表面からの蒸発量は周囲の空気の湿度が低く,風速が大きいほど大となる。したがって台風や低気圧が付近を通り,このような条件が満たされると農作物の白穂や立枯れが発生し,これを乾風害という。通常の日変化で湿度が高くなる夜間にこの条件が発生すると植物への影響は大きい。【中島 暢太郎】
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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