Adab (English spelling)

Japanese: アダブ(英語表記)adab
Adab (English spelling)
An Arabic word that means literature in general or a genre of literature. It was commonly used before the Islamic era to mean "ancient customs" or "good morals", but after the rise of Islam, it came to mean "highly cultured" or "urban refined". In the early Abbasid period from the second half of the 8th century onwards, it came to mean urban refinement and refined manners in contrast to the crudeness of nomadic society, and from that time onwards, a deep culture that was well versed in ancient Arabic poems, legends, war stories, and famous sayings of ancient people, as well as a good understanding of the academic studies of Iran, India, Greece, etc., began to be respected. Then, against the background of such culture, a genre of literature called adab was born, which attempts to depict the essence and passions of human beings in a fun and secular way. It was pioneered by Ibnul Muqaffa and others in the 8th century and perfected by Jahiz and others in the 9th century. Later, adab came to be used in a narrower sense, referring to the education necessary for people with a certain profession, and books such as "Adab of the Scriveners," "Adab of the Judges," and "Adab of the Viziers" appeared. There was also a time when particularly skilled poetry, prose, and anecdotes were called "the kind of adab." For example, Hariri's "Makamas" was considered a typical example of adab. In modern times, adab (plural ādāb) is used broadly to refer to "literature."

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
文学全般またはその一ジャンルを意味するアラビア語。イスラム時代以前から「古来のしきたり」「良俗」などを意味する言葉として一般に用いられていたが,イスラムが興ってからは「教養の高い」「都会風に洗練された」状態をさすようになった。8世紀後半以後のアッバース朝初期になると,遊牧社会の粗野さに対して都会風の上品さ,洗練されたものごしなどをさす言葉になり,その頃から,古くからのアラビアの名詩や伝説,戦争物語,古人の名言などについて精通したうえ,イランやインド,ギリシアなどの学問にも暗くないという深い教養が尊重されるようになった。そして,そのような教養を背景に,人間の本質,情熱などを,楽しく,かつ世俗的に描き出そうとする文学の一ジャンル,アダブが始った。それは8世紀のイブヌル・ムカッファーらを先駆とし,9世紀のジャーヒズらによって大成された。その後,アダブはもっと狭い意味に用いられるようになり,ある特定の職業をもつ者に必要な教養をさすようになって,『書記たちのアダブ』『法官たちのアダブ』『宰相たちのアダブ』などの書が現れた。また,特に技巧的な詩や散文,逸話集などを「アダブの類」と呼んだ時代もあった。ハリーリーの『マカーマ集』がアダブの典型とされたなどはその例である。現代ではアダブ (複数形アーダーブ ādāb) は広く「文学」をさす言葉として用いられている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Adaptive Delta Modulation

>>:  Princess Ata

Recommend

Greimas, AJ (English spelling) GreimasAJ

…This basic approach can also be found among thos...

Kamikarikura

...A type of costume from the Heian period onward...

August

…the translation of augur, an official Roman divi...

Glassy state

A supercooled state occurs when a liquid is coole...

"Analcy and Communism" - Analcy and Communism

…He fled to France and Switzerland, and cooperate...

Edo Sansho - Edo Sansho

...However, the museum preserves the three great ...

Silk wholesaler - Kinutoya

…For a time, they also bought silk directly from ...

Moji clan

Also called "Monji." In the Middle Ages,...

Chinese leopard tree - Chinese leopard tree

A perennial plant of the Lamiaceae family (APG cl...

Renoir, C. (English spelling) RenoirC

…French film director. Born in Montmartre, Paris,...

Hemerythrin (English spelling)

A type of pigment protein, it is the hemoglobin of...

Kasai Nembutsu

〘Noun〙① Dancing Nembutsu, a dance in which farmers...

auricle

… [External Ear] The outer ear consists of the pi...

Emperor Chokei

The 98th Emperor (reigned 1368-83). His given nam...

droit international civil

…It is the most general law that ultimately regul...