Manipulator - manipulator (English spelling)

Japanese: マニピュレーター - まにぴゅれーたー(英語表記)manipulator
Manipulator - manipulator (English spelling)

A remote-controlled machine that is designed to have the same functions as a human arm. It is also called a magic hand. Ideally, it would have the same functions as a human arm and hand, such as grabbing and moving radioactive materials or placing them in a container, but the human hand has very complex movements, so it cannot be directly replaced by a machine. Current manipulators add electrical functions to mechanical functions, and are designed to perform movements similar to those of a human hand.

Radioactive materials are placed in a room that is shielded to prevent radiation from leaking out, and the manipulator is operated to grasp and move the radioactive material while visually viewing it through a special glass window that does not transmit radiation. The basic requirement for this machine is that it has three degrees of freedom of displacement, three degrees of freedom of angular position, and one degree of freedom of grasping motion, for a total of seven degrees of freedom of movement. Other required properties include ease of operation, the force acting on the object when it is grasped being felt by the operating hand, and low friction and inertia. This is an essential device for handling radioactive materials. It is also used for transporting and moving high-temperature materials, and in submersible research vessels and lunar exploration work arms.

[Hidetaro Nakayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人間の腕と同じ機能をもつようにつくられた遠隔操作機械。マジックハンドともいう。放射性物質をつかんで移動したり、あるいは容器に入れるというように、人間の腕、手先の運動そのままの機能をもたせるのが理想的であるが、人間の手は非常に複雑な運動をするので、そのまま機械に置き換えることはできない。現在のマニピュレーターは機械的機能に電気的機能を加え、人間の手先の運動に近い動きをするようにできている。

 放射性物質を、放射線が外に漏れないように遮蔽(しゃへい)された部屋に入れ、放射線を通さない特殊なガラスの窓越しに、放射性物質を目で見ながらマニピュレーターを操作し、つかんで移動する。この機械の基本的条件は、変位の三自由度、角度位の三自由度、つかみ動作の一自由度、合計7個の運動の自由度をもっていることである。このほか、操作が容易であること、目的のものをつかんだときに、そこに働いている力が操作している手先にも感じられること、摩擦や慣性の小さいことなどの諸性質が要求される。放射性物質を取り扱うところには不可欠の装置である。そのほか、高熱物質の運搬・移動用、あるいは潜水調査船、月面探査用作業腕などにも使用される。

[中山秀太郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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