Corporate finance - corporation finance

Japanese: 企業金融 - きぎょうきんゆう(英語表記)corporation finance
Corporate finance - corporation finance

The procurement of long-term and short-term capital necessary for a company's business activities. Also known as corporate finance. Since corporations are primarily corporations, it is essentially the same as corporate finance. The distinction between long-term and short-term is generally made between short-term and long-term, with those due for repayment within one year being considered short-term, and those due for repayment beyond that being considered long-term. However, even if something is formally short-term, it can actually be long-term, with multiple refinancings. In some cases, the lender and borrower agree on this from the beginning. Short-term capital consists of bank loans, accounts payable, and bills payable, and is a source of working capital. Long-term capital consists of capital procured through stocks and bonds, and capital accumulated through retained earnings and depreciation, and is a source of investment.

Accumulation of capital through retained earnings and depreciation is called self-financing. It is also called internal financing because the source of capital is within the company's business activities itself. In contrast, stock capital and bond capital are called external financing because their sources are outside the company. The challenge of corporate financing is to raise the capital a company needs at the lowest capital cost. In this regard, raising capital through internal financing is the most desirable method. The progress of internationalization in recent years has created new avenues for internal financing in addition to traditional methods. These are the gaining of profits and avoiding risks through fluctuations in exchange rates.

[Mitsuo Morimoto]

"The Story of Corporate Finance" by Tetsuo Adachi and Kuniaki Sasaki (1984, Toyo Keizai Shinposha) " "The Story of Corporate Finance: A Guide to Robinson Crusoe" by Masato Kamekawa (1998, Chuo Keizai Sha)

[Reference] | Corporation Finance | Self-financing

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

企業の経営活動に必要な長期および短期の資本を調達すること。会社金融ともいう。また企業の中心が株式会社であることから、株式会社金融とも実質的には同じである。長期と短期との区別については、一般には1年以内に返済期限のくるものを短期とし、それを超えるものを長期としている。しかし、形式上は短期であっても、借り替えを重ねる実質上の長期がある。貸し手と借り手とが最初から合意でそれを行う場合もある。短期資本は、銀行借入、買掛金、支払手形などからなっており、運転資本の源泉となる。長期資本は、株式と社債によって調達される資本、利益留保や減価償却によって蓄積される資本などからなり、投資の源泉となる。

 利益留保や減価償却による蓄積を自己金融self-financingという。それは、資本の調達源泉が企業の経営活動自体にあることから内部金融ともよばれる。これに対して、株式資本や社債資本は調達源泉が企業外部にあることから外部金融とよばれる。企業金融の課題は、企業の必要とする資本を最低の資本コストで調達することである。内部金融による資本調達はこの点でもっとも望ましいものである。近年の国際化の進展は、従来の方法に加えて新しい内部金融の道を生み出した。為替(かわせ)の変動による利益の獲得とリスクの回避がそれである。

[森本三男]

『阿達哲雄・佐々木邦明著『企業金融の話』(1984・東洋経済新報社)』『亀川雅人著『新版 企業財務の物語――ロビンソン・クルーソーの道案内』(1998・中央経済社)』

[参照項目] | 株式会社金融 | 自己金融

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Business Management Outlook

>>:  Corporate Management

Recommend

Echizen paper

Washi paper produced near Echizen City, Fukui Pre...

Heterodontidae

…A general term for marine fish belonging to the ...

Lightning spider - Lightning spider

...The eggs hatch in about 10 days, but the baby ...

Henan Tenmoku

...From the late Northern Song to the Jin dynasty...

Freeway

…In Japan, expressways are commonly called highwa...

Cut glass

A method of decorative glass processing, and the p...

Confucianism

…Confucianism had a profound influence on the cul...

Armature

In rotating electrical machines, this is the part...

Segantini - Giovanni Segantini

Italian painter. Known for his depictions of the ...

Imprisonment - Jyuukei

A punishment that involves the deprivation of fre...

Gajumaru (banyan tree) - Gajumaru

...It is found in the southern subtropical zone a...

Hazara - Hazara (English spelling)

A Mongolian ethnic group living in the mountainous...

Red Square - Akahiroba

Red Square Source: About Shogakukan Digital Daijis...

Asset ledger - Shizaichou

A list of assets of ancient Japanese temples. Man...

Assamese language - Assamese (English spelling)

It is an Indo-European language with approximately...