A mountain ascetic from the late 7th century. His real name was En no Ozunu. He was also known as En no Basoku. He was worshipped as the founder of Shugendo, a Japanese mountain religion, and was given the posthumous title of Jinpen Daibosatsu at the end of the Edo period. Some people doubt his existence because many miracles are said to have occurred, but the Shoku Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan), in the entry for May 24, 699, the third year of Emperor Mommu's reign, states that he was exiled to Izu Island, so he certainly existed. If we summarize the many biographies, we can say that he was born in Chihara, Katsuragi County, Yamato Province (Nara Prefecture), and entered Mount Katsuragi (Mount Kongo), where he served Katsuragi Kamo Shrine while practicing mountain asceticism. He eventually incorporated Onmyodo, Taoism, and Esoteric Buddhism into Japan's unique mountain religion, establishing his own Shugendo. He then explored Mount Kinpu in Yoshino, Mount Omine, and many other mountains, but was falsely accused by the conservative Shinto side and exiled to Izu Oshima. This story is said to be the servitude and curse of the Mount Katsuragi god. His active assimilation of new ideas and new magic from the continent can be seen in the legends that he traveled to Silla and China, and his end is said to have been when he flew off into China or into the void. [Shige Gorai May 19, 2017] "The Religion of the Mountains - Shugendo" by Gorai Shigeru (1970/New Edition, 1999, Tankosha)" ▽ "Yamabushi" by Wakamori Taro (Chuko Shinsho) [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
7世紀後半の山岳修行者。本名は役小角(えんのおづぬ)。役優婆塞(えんのうばそく)ともいう。日本の山岳宗教である修験道(しゅげんどう)の開祖として崇拝され、江戸末期には神変大菩薩(じんぺんだいぼさつ)の諡号(しごう)を勅賜された。多くの奇跡が伝えられるので、実在を疑う人もあるが、『続日本紀(しょくにほんぎ)』文武(もんむ)天皇3年(699)5月24日条に、伊豆島に流罪された記事があり、実在したことは確かである。多くの伝記を総合すれば、大和(やまと)国(奈良県)葛上(かつじょう)郡茅原(ちはら)郷に生まれ、葛城山(かつらぎさん)(金剛山)に入り、山岳修行しながら葛城鴨(かも)神社に奉仕した。やがて陰陽道(おんみょうどう)神仙術と密教を日本固有の山岳宗教に取り入れて、独自の修験道を確立した。そして吉野金峰山(きんぶせん)や大峰山(おおみねさん)、その他多くの山を開いたが、保守的な神道側から誣告(ぶこく)されて、伊豆大島に流された。この経緯が葛城山神の使役や呪縛(じゅばく)として伝えられたものである。彼が積極的に大陸の新思想や新呪術を摂取したことは、新羅(しらぎ)や唐に往来したとする伝承にうかがうことができ、その終焉(しゅうえん)も唐もしくは虚空(こくう)に飛び去ったとされている。 [五来 重 2017年5月19日] 『五来重著『山の宗教――修験道』(1970/新版・1999・淡交社)』▽『和歌森太郎著『山伏』(中公新書)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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