A taboo in Japan. Taboos have an important meaning in the spiritual life of the Japanese, and there are usually two different types: purity taboos and impurity taboos. The former are mainly related to Shinto rituals, and refer to removing impurity and purifying the body, while the latter are seen in death, childbirth, and women's menstrual events. The distinction between these two taboos is also seen in foreign countries, but it is questionable whether what is generally considered taboo is the same as the Japanese taboo. Whether it is a purity taboo or an impurity taboo, those who observe the taboo are prohibited from contacting ordinary people, so they sometimes lived in separate houses and fires. For example, there are shojin-ya, where people who observe the taboo for festivals stay, and ubu-ya, or tsuki-goya, where people who observe the taboo for childbirth and menstrual events avoid taboos. Each type of taboo has a set period of observation, and when they leave, a ritual to end the mourning is held. There is also a village custom in which not only individuals and families but also the entire village, especially in the case of Shinto rituals and misfortunes, observe the taboo. Other taboos include certain days to be avoided, taboos regarding directions, taboos regarding eating and growing certain animals and plants, taboo words and numbers to be avoided, and there is a particularly common tendency to avoid performing inauspicious rituals in everyday life. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
日本における禁忌の意。忌は日本人の精神生活において重要な意義をもち,通常,相異なる清浄の忌と穢れの忌とがある。前者は主として神事の儀礼に関する忌で,穢れを取去り,身を清めることをいい,後者は死や出産,婦人の月事などにみられる。この2つの忌の区別は外国にもあるが,一般にタブーといわれているものが日本の忌と同一のものであるかどうかについては疑問視されている。清浄の忌にせよ,穢れの忌にせよ,忌に服する者は普通の人と接触しないという禁制があるため,別居別火の生活をすることがあった。たとえば祭りの忌に服する人のこもる精進屋や,出産,月事の忌を避ける産屋 (うぶや) ,月小屋などである。忌の種類によってそれぞれ服する期間が決っており,それから出るときには忌明けの儀礼を行なった。また個人や家族だけでなく,特に神事や凶事については村民全体が服するという村忌の習俗もある。このほかの忌としては,一定の日を忌む忌日,方角の忌の方違 (かたたがえ) ,ある種の動植物を口にしない食栽禁忌,特定の言葉や数を避ける忌言葉,忌数などがあり,特に凶事の作法を日常は行うことを避けるという傾向は一般的にみられる。
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