Koishikawa Botanical Garden

Japanese: 小石川植物園 - こいしかわしょくぶつえん
Koishikawa Botanical Garden

This botanical garden is attached to the Graduate School of Science at the University of Tokyo, and is an educational and training facility where faculty, staff, and students of the university conduct practical botany research. It is located at 3-7-1 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo. It covers an area of ​​161,588 square meters, and about 1,400 species of trees are cultivated within the garden, as well as tropical and subtropical plants in the greenhouse. It is Japan's first botanical garden, and celebrated its 300th anniversary in 1984 (Showa 59). It originated as a medicinal herb garden (Koishikawa Oyakuen) established by the Edo Shogunate in 1684 (Jokyo 1), and became attached to the Ministry of Education in 1875 (Meiji 8) and came to be called Koishikawa Botanical Garden. It became attached to the university when the University of Tokyo was founded in 1877, and has remained so to this day. In 1897, the first official position of director was established, and Professor Matsumura Jinzo was appointed as the first director. Following the example of Western botanical gardens, the garden was open to the public from the beginning, and from 1895, the garden began to publish a "seed catalog" periodically, striving to acquire new plants and introduce Japanese plants to the world. The Botanical Society was also founded here in 1882. In 1897, the Botany Department of the Faculty of Science moved into the botanical garden, and together with the garden, they promoted botanical research and education, leading to groundbreaking research such as the discovery of ginkgo sperm (by Hirase Sakugoro in 1896), and the garden became the "birthplace of modern botany in Japan." However, the garden's beauty was greatly damaged by the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 (Taisho 12) due to carelessness and intentional acts, and it was also heavily damaged during World War II.

The botanical gardens are taking advantage of their functions to promote education and research, mainly in the field of natural history. In addition, there is the Nikko Branch Garden (Nikko Botanical Gardens, area 104,850 square meters) in Nikko City, Tochigi Prefecture, which is aimed at the research and education of mountain and alpine plants.

[Hideaki Ohba]

[References] | Koishikawa Botanical Gardens | Botanical Gardens | University of Tokyo | Matsumura Ninzo
Koishikawa Botanical Garden (Meiji period)
"Tokyo Imperial University" (1900, Meiji 33) owned by the National Diet Library

Koishikawa Botanical Garden (Meiji period)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

東京大学大学院理学系研究科附属の植物園で、東大の教職員・学生が植物学を実地に研究する教育実習施設である。所在地は東京都文京区白山(はくさん)3丁目7番1号。面積は16万1588平方メートルで、園内には約1400種の樹木が栽培されているほか、温室では熱帯・亜熱帯の植物も栽培されている。1984年(昭和59)に創立300年を迎えた、日本で最初の植物園である。1684年(貞享1)に江戸幕府が設けた薬草園(小石川御薬園(おやくえん))を起源とし、1875年(明治8)文部省の附属となり、小石川植物園とよばれるようになった。東京大学の創設(1877)とともに大学附属となり、今日に至っている。1897年に初めて園長の官制が設けられ、教授松村任三(じんぞう)が初代園長に就いた。欧米の植物園に倣って、当初より園内を一般にも公開し、また1895年から定期的に「種子目録」を発行し、新植物の入手や日本植物の海外への紹介に努めた。また植物学会が1882年に発足したのもここであった。1897年には理学部植物学教室が植物園内に移転し、植物園と一体となり植物学の研究・教育を進め、イチョウの精子の発見(1896年平瀬作五郎による)のような画期的な研究が行われ、「日本における近代植物学の発祥の地」となった。しかし、1923年(大正12)の関東大震災時に心ないしわざのため園の風致は大幅に損なわれ、第二次世界大戦時にも大きな被害を受けた。

 植物園では、その機能を生かした自然史分野を中心とした教育・研究が進められている。なお、栃木県日光市に、山地や高山の植物の研究・教育を目的とした日光分園(日光植物園、面積10万4850平方メートル)がある。

[大場秀章]

[参照項目] | 小石川薬園 | 植物園 | 東京大学 | 松村任三
小石川植物園(明治時代)
『東京帝国大学』(1900年〈明治33〉)国立国会図書館所蔵">

小石川植物園(明治時代)


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