Other related systems include the Geleitgelder, a guard fee to protect travelers and their belongings from robbery, the Grundruhrrecht, a right to occupy land, which meant that anything that touched the ground belonged to the lord if a carriage broke down or overturned during travel, and the Strassenzwang, a road duty, which prohibited travel on designated roads. The right to set and collect these tolls was the Zollregal, a customs privilege, which, as the power of the emperor and king weakened, was transferred to the hands of princes and cities, becoming the Landeshoheit, or the privilege of cities. As a result, numerous customs houses were set up in each of the princes' territories and cities, and the barrier of these tolls (internal customs) raised the prices of goods and, along with poor and dangerous roads, hindered commerce. *Some of the terminology used to refer to "tariff privileges" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…そのほか,領内を通行する旅行者とその所持品を略奪から守るための護衛料Geleitgelder,旅行中馬車が故障したり転覆したりした場合,土地に触れたものはすべて領主に帰属するという接地物占取権Grundruhrrecht,指定された道路以外の通行を禁止する道路強制Strassenzwangもこれに関連した制度である。これらの通行税を設け,これを徴収する権限が関税特権Zollregalで,これは皇帝や国王の権力が弱体化するにつれて諸侯や都市の手に移り,領邦高権Landeshoheitや都市の特権となった。その結果,諸侯の領地や都市ごとにおびただしい数の税関が設けられ,この通行税(内部関税)の障壁が商品の値段をつり上げ,劣悪で危険な道路と並んで商業を妨げていた。… ※「関税特権」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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