Neurasthenia

Japanese: 神経衰弱 - しんけいすいじゃく(英語表記)Neurasthenia
Neurasthenia

What kind of disease is it? (historical meaning)

This syndrome was named by the American physician Baird in 1880 and affected a generation of Popular ( Wind ) However, it has hardly been used in recent times and only has historical significance.

However, this diagnosis can be found in ICD10 (World Health Organization "International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision"). According to this, the main symptoms are either 1) a persistent complaint of increased fatigue after mental effort, or 2) a persistent complaint of physical weakness or exhaustion after minimal effort, and specific symptoms include dizziness, tension headaches, sleep disorders, a feeling of restlessness, irritability, and indigestion.

The outline is unclear, Autonomic dysfunction ( Actual result of investigation ) , Indefinite complaints ( Defence force ) It is difficult to distinguish this from chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic depression, etc., and many doctors dislike this diagnosis.

Introduction to Japan

Baird coined the term neuro (nerve) and asthenia (asthenia = weakened state) to describe this condition. At the time in the United States, urbanization and industrialization were progressing, and he believed that this condition was occurring frequently among workers. This concept was imported to Japan as is, and gained many supporters. Changes in temperature and rest were recommended as treatments, while tonic treatments such as injections were also used, but neither of these proved to be a definitive cure.

Among them, Shoma Morita (1874-1938) found a powerful side to this nervous breakdown (a strong "desire for life" leading to hypersensitivity to physical and mental disorders), Pseudo ( Kasei ) Nervous breakdown = Morita Neurosis ( Morita Shinsho ) He named it "the condition of nervous breakdown" and established Morita therapy as a treatment for it. Since then, most cases of neurasthenia have been treated almost synonymously with neurosis.

According to the US diagnostic criteria,

The DSM IV (Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition), which is used as frequently as the ICD10, does not have an item for neurasthenia. The fact that the name does not remain in the diagnostic criteria created in Baird's home country suggests the fate of this diagnosis. Physical expression ( Representation of the truth ) Disorders and hypochondria ( Respect ) However, it seems that Chinese doctors still use this diagnosis frequently today.

Treatment involves the use of medication and psychotherapy, either alone or in combination.

Susumu Maruyama

Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

どんな病気か(歴史的な意味合い)

 1880年に米国の医師ベアードが命名した症候群で、一世を風靡(ふうび)しましたが、最近はほとんど用いられなくなり、歴史的な意味をもつにとどまっています。

 しかしICD­10(世界保健機関「国際疾病分類第10版」)では、この診断名がみられます。これによると主症状は、①精神的努力のあとの疲労の増大についての持続的な訴え、②あるいはわずかな努力のあとの身体的な衰弱や消耗についての持続的な訴えのどちらかがあることで、具体的症状としては、めまい、筋緊張性頭痛、睡眠障害、くつろげない感じ、いらいら感、消化不良などがあります。

 輪郭が不鮮明で、自律神経失調症(じりつしんけいしっちょうしょう)不定愁訴(ふていしゅうそ)症候群、慢性疲労症候群、慢性うつ病などとの区別が難しく、この診断名を嫌う医師も少なくありません。

日本への導入

 ベアードは、この病態をノイロ(神経)+アステニー(無力=衰弱状態)の複合語として案出しました。当時の米国では都市化・工業化が進み、労働者のなかにこの状態が多発しているとしました。この概念はそのまま日本に輸入され、多くの支持者を得ました。治療としては転地や安静が推奨され、一方で注射などによる強壮療法が行われましたが、いずれも決定的な治療法になりませんでした。

 そのなかで森田正馬(1874~1938)は、この神経衰弱のなかに強力性(「生の欲望」が強いために心身の不調に過敏になる)の面を見いだし、仮性(かせい)神経衰弱=森田神経症(もりたしんけいしょう)と名づけ、その治療法として森田療法を確立しました。その後、神経衰弱の多くは、神経症(ノイローゼ)とほとんど同義的に対処されてきました。

米国の診断基準では

 ICD­10と同様によく用いられるDSM­Ⅳ(米国精神医学会「精神疾患の分類と診断の手引き第4版」)では、神経衰弱の項目はありません。ベアードの母国でつくられたこの診断基準にその名をとどめないということは、この診断名の命運を暗示しているといえます。この診断名は、身体表現性(しんたいひょうげんせい)障害や心気症(しんきしょう)に解体したとみるべきです。なお、中国の医師は今なお、この診断名をよく用いているようです。

 治療には薬物療法と精神療法が、単独または重複して用いられています。

丸山 晋

出典 法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について 情報

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