bonde

…
[Peasant Society]
In Scandinavia, the extended family ties that had been the unit of production, consumption, and defense disintegrated before the Viking Age, and farm households with monogamous families at their core were established during this period. The head of this household was called a "farmer" (bóndi) (modern bonde, English husbandman). "Farm" does not refer to a specific industrial sector, but rather to a business entity engaged in livestock farming, agriculture, fishing, etc., and farmers were the mainstay of a highly independent, settled economy.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "bonde" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…
［農民社会］
　スカンジナビアにおいては，生産，消費，防衛の単位となっていた大家族的結合はバイキング時代以前に解体し，この時代に単婚家族を中核とする農場世帯が成立する。この世帯長を〈農民(ボーンディbóndi)〉という(現代語bonde，英語husbandman)。〈農場〉は特定の産業部門をあらわすのでなく，牧畜，農耕，漁業等を行う経営体であり，農民はきわめて自立性の高い定着経済の主体であった。…

※「bonde」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報