Coronary vasodilators - coronary vasodilators

These drugs expand the coronary arteries of the heart, sending a large amount of blood to the heart and supplying it with oxygen and nutrients. They are also called coronary dilators. They are used to prevent and treat ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, etc.) caused by a lack of blood flow to the heart and a lack of oxygen and nutrients. In other words, they have been called coronary dilators because they increase the amount of oxygen supplied by increasing the coronary blood flow, which is effective for coronary insufficiency symptoms. However, since beta-blockers, which do not have a coronary dilator effect, have a similar effect, they are now often called antianginal drugs in consideration of their pharmacological aspects. Drugs included in this category include nitrates and nitrites such as nitroglycerin, isosorbitol dinitrate, and amyl nitrite, calcium antagonists such as nifedipine and diltiazem, as well as dipyridamole, dilazep, trapidil, carbocromene, and efloxate.

[Fumiji Koho]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

心臓の冠状動脈を拡張させ、心臓に多量の血液を送り込み酸素と栄養を供給する薬剤で、冠拡張剤ともいう。心臓へ送られる血液が不足し酸素と栄養の補給が欠乏しておこる虚血性心疾患（狭心症、心筋梗塞(こうそく)、冠不全など）の予防や治療に用いられる。つまり、冠血流量の増加によって酸素供給量が増加し冠不全症状に有効という見方から冠拡張剤ともよばれてきたが、冠拡張作用のないβ(ベータ)遮断薬でも同様の効果が認められるなど、現在では薬理学的な面を考慮して抗狭心症薬とよぶ場合が多くなった。これに含まれる薬剤には、ニトログリセリン、硝酸イソソルビトール、亜硝酸アミルなどの硝酸エステルや亜硝酸塩をはじめ、ニフェジピンやジルチアゼムなどのカルシウム拮抗(きっこう)薬のほか、ジピリダモール、ジラゼプ、トラピジル、カルボクロメン、エフロキサートなどがある。

［幸保文治］

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