A type of unsaturated fatty acid with four double bonds in one molecule. Its chemical formula is CH3 ( CH2 ) 4 (CH= CHCH2 ) 4 ( CH2 ) 2COOH , and it is liquid at room temperature (melting point -49.5°C). It is found in various organisms as one of the components that make up lipids. In particular, in mammals, it is synthesized in the liver microsomes from essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid. It is released from the lipids of the cell membrane into the cytoplasm by the action of phospholipase, and is converted into various types of prostaglandins, which are important physiologically active substances (this is called the arachidonic acid cascade). [Takayoshi Wakagi] "Arachidonic Acid Cascade and Drugs," edited by Yamamoto Shozo (1985, Gendairyo-sha)" ▽ "Advances in Research on Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, and Leukotrienes," edited by the Japanese Edition Publishing Committee of the Kyoto Prostaglandin Conference Proceedings (1986, Gendairyo-sha)" ▽ "Gastric Mucosa and Arachidonic Acid Cascade," edited by Kobayashi Kenzo and Arakawa Tetsuo (1989, Life Sciences)" ▽ "Lectures on Prostaglandins 2: Heart, Blood Vessels, and Platelets," edited by Mishima Yoshio, Yamamoto Shozo, et al. (1989, Tokyo Kagaku Dojin)" ▽ "New Topics in Prostaglandins," edited by the Editorial Committee of Gendairyo-sha (1991, Gendairyo-sha)" ▽ "Biosignal Experimental Methods," edited by Ui Rio and Hidaka Hiroyoshi (1993, Yodosha)" ▽ "Medicinal Ginseng '95 -- From Clinical Effects to Verification Using Model Animals," edited by Kumagai Akira (1994, Kyoritsu Shuppan) ▽ Edited by Murota Seiichi, "Clinical Studies of Prostaglandins in the Field of the Circulatory System" (1994, Medical Review Co., Ltd.) ▽ Edited by Hiwada Kunio et al., "KEY WORDS (1999-2000) Hypertension" (1999, Advanced Medical Co., Ltd.) ▽ Edited by Murota Seiichi and Yamamoto Shozo, "New Developments in Prostaglandin Research" (2001, Tokyo Kagaku Dojin) ▽ Edited by Murota Seiichi, "What You Need to Know About the Arachidonic Acid Cascade Q&A" (2002, Medical Journal Co., Ltd.) [References] | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
不飽和脂肪酸の一種で、1分子内に4個の二重結合をもつ。化学式はCH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)4(CH2)2COOHで常温で液体(融点-49.5℃)。脂質を構成する成分の一つとしていろいろな生物にみいだされる。とくに哺乳(ほにゅう)動物では肝臓ミクロソーム(ミクロゾーム)で、リノール酸、リノレン酸などの必須(ひっす)脂肪酸から合成される。細胞膜の脂質からホスホリパーゼ(フォスフォリパーゼ)の働きにより細胞質内に遊離し、重要な生理活性物質であるさまざまな種類のプロスタグランジンなどに変換される(これをアラキドン酸カスケードとよぶ)。 [若木高善] 『山本尚三編『アラキドン酸カスケードと薬』(1985・現代医療社)』▽『京都プロスタグランジン会議記録日本語版刊行委員会編『プロスタグランジン、トロンボキサン、ロイコトリエン研究の進歩』(1986・現代医療社)』▽『小林絢三・荒川哲男編著『胃粘膜とアラキドン酸カスケード』(1989・ライフ・サイエンス)』▽『三島好雄・山本尚三ほか編『講座・プロスタグランジン2 心・血管と血小板』(1989・東京化学同人)』▽『現代医療編集委員会編『プロスタグランジンの新しい話題』(1991・現代医療社)』▽『宇井理生・日高弘義編『バイオシグナル実験法』(1993・羊土社)』▽『熊谷朗編『薬用人参'95――臨床効果からモデル動物による検証まで』(1994・共立出版)』▽『室田誠逸編『循環器領域におけるプロスタグランジンの臨床』(1994・メディカルレビュー社)』▽『日和田邦男ほか編著『KEY WORD(1999~2000)高血圧』(1999・先端医学社)』▽『室田誠逸・山本尚三編『プロスタグランジン研究の新展開』(2001・東京化学同人)』▽『室田誠逸編『これだけは知っておきたいアラキドン酸カスケードQ&A』(2002・医薬ジャーナル社)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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