Kawanabe Kyosai

Japanese: 河鍋暁斎 - かわなべきょうさい

Born: April 7, 1831, Tenpo 2, Koga, Shimousa
Died April 26, 1889. Tokyo. A Japanese painter from the late Edo period to the early Meiji period. Childhood name Shuzaburo. Pen name Noriyuki. Artist names include Seisei Kyosai, Gaki, and Shuransai. He studied ukiyo-e under Utagawa Kuniyoshi at the age of seven, and later studied under Maemura Towa of the Kano school and Towa's teacher Tohaku Chinshin. In 1849 (Kaei 2), he took the name Touyu Chinshi. In 1857 (Ansei 4), he became independent. Around the same year, he took the name Kyosai and painted mad paintings and caricatures. In 1870 (Meiji 3), he was imprisoned for a caricature he drew at a calligraphy and painting meeting, and after his release, he changed his pen name to Kyosai. In 1881, he exhibited "A Fallen Crow on a Dead Tree" at the Second Domestic Industrial Exposition, winning the second prize for merit. He was known for his high level of realism, incorporating ukiyo-e with a foundation in the Kano school. He was also known as a heavy drinker with a wealth of eccentricities and stories. His representative works include "Hell and Paradise" (before 1868, Tokyo National Museum), "Flowers and Birds" (1881, Tokyo National Museum), and "Yamauba" (around 1884, Tokyo National Museum).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]天保2 (1831).4.7. 下総古河
[没]1889.4.26. 東京
江戸時代後期から明治時代前期の日本画家。幼名周三郎。字は陳之（のりゆき）。画号は惺々狂斎，画鬼，酒乱斎など。7歳で歌川国芳に浮世絵を学び，その後狩野派の前村洞和，洞和の師洞白陳信に師事した。嘉永2（1849）年洞郁陳之の名を受けた。安政4（1857）年独立。同 5年頃から狂斎と号し，狂画，風刺画などを描いた。明治3（1870）年，書画会で描いた戯画が原因で投獄され，出獄後に号を暁斎と改めた。1881年第2回内国勧業博覧会に出品した『枯木寒鴉図』が妙技2等賞を受賞した。狩野派を土台に浮世絵を交え，高い写実力で知られる。奇行・奇談に富んだ酒豪家としても知られた。代表作は『地獄極楽図』（1868以前，東京国立博物館），『花鳥図』（1881，東京国立博物館），『山姥図』（1884頃，東京国立博物館）など。

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