Kankurin, EF - Kankurin

... Nicholas I, who had a deep distrust for the nobility due to the Decembrist revolt, placed Russia under complete bureaucratic control centered on the Imperial Chancellery. However, unlike Alexander, Nicholas had no illusions about politics and therefore had a fairly realistic understanding of the contradictions of a serf state, so his politics also had some positive aspects, such as the establishment of a legal code (the compilation of the Corpus Jurisprudence of the Russian Empire and the Code of the Russian Empire by Speransky), restrictions on the buying and selling of serfs, encouraging landlords to voluntarily emancipate their serfs (the Law on the Creation of Compulsory Peasants), improving the status of state-owned peasants and establishing their autonomy (Kiselyov's reforms), allowing factory serfs to be freed, restricting the return of employed workers to their villages, stabilizing the currency (the currency reforms of Egor F. Kankrin (1774-1845)), and expanding educational institutions, especially the establishment of vocational schools. However, all of these were partial reforms within the framework of the serfdom system or measures to foster capitalism, and the principles of despotism and serfdom were firmly maintained. All opposing ideas and movements were suppressed through direct repression by the Third Department of the Imperial Office, which was at the top of the Special Higher Police throughout the country, as well as strict education and censorship.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Canclin, EF" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　デカブリストの乱で貴族階級に強い不信の念をもったニコライ1世の下でロシアは，皇帝直属官房を中心とする完全な官僚支配の下に置かれた。もっとも，ニコライはアレクサンドルとちがって政治についてなんらの幻想をもたず，それだけに農奴制国家の矛盾についてもかなりの現実的認識をもっていたので，彼の政治には，法典の整備(スペランスキーによる〈ロシア帝国法律大全〉〈ロシア帝国法典〉の編纂)，農奴売買の制限，地主の自発的農奴解放の奨励(〈義務農民〉創設に関する法令)，国有地農民の地位改善と自治確立(キセリョフの改革)，工場付農奴の解放許可，雇用労働者の帰村制限，通貨の安定(カンクリンEgor F.Kankrin(1774‐1845)の幣制改革)，教育機関の拡充，とくに実業専門学校の設置，などの若干の積極的な面もあった。しかしこれらはいずれも農奴制体制の枠内での部分的改革ないし資本主義育成策であって，専制主義と農奴制の原則は堅持され，これに反対するいっさいの思想と運動は，全国の特高警察の頂点に置かれた皇帝直属官房第三部の直接の弾圧ときびしい教育および言論統制によって抑圧された。…

※「カンクリン，E.F.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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