French astronomer. The first author of the Messier Catalog. Born in Lorraine, he moved to Paris in 1751 and was employed as a recorder at the observatory of astronomer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle (1688-1768). In 1759, when the perihelion of Comet Harry was predicted, he was instructed by Delisle to observe it, and since then he devoted himself to the discovery and observation of comets. After Delisle's retirement in 1760, he took control and observed 21 comets, 15 of which are said to have been discovered by himself. In 1764, he became a member of the Royal Society, and in 1770, he was elected as a member of the Academies of France and several other countries. He also created a catalog (the Messier Catalog) to select celestial objects that are easily mistaken for comets, namely nebulae and star clusters, and registered 45 in 1771, and a total of 109 by 1786. For example, in this description, M1 is the Crab Nebula in Taurus. [Shimamura Fukutaro] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの天文学者。星雲星団目録の最初の作成者。ロレーヌ地方の出身で、1751年パリに出て、天文学者ドリールJoseph-Nicolas Delisle(1688―1768)の観測所に雇われ記録係を務めた。ハリー彗星(すいせい)の近日点通過が予言されていた1759年、ドリールの指示によってその観測にあたり、以来、彗星の発見と観測に打ち込む。1760年ドリール引退後、実権を得て、21個の彗星を観測し、うち15個は彼自身の発見とされる。1764年王立協会会員となり、1770年にはフランスほか数か国のアカデミー会員に列せられた。また、彗星に見違えやすい天体、つまり星雲と星団を選別するためにその目録(メシエ・カタログ)を作成し、1771年には45個、1786年までに計109個を登録した。この記載ではたとえばM1がおうし座かに星雲である。 [島村福太郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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