Burnet, Sir (Frank) Macfarlane

Japanese: バーネット(英語表記)Burnet, Sir (Frank) Macfarlane
Burnet, Sir (Frank) Macfarlane
Born: 3 September 1899 in Traralgon, Victoria
[Died] August 31, 1985. Melbourne Australian physician and immunologist. Earned his doctorate from the University of Melbourne in 1923. From 1926 to 1927, he conducted research at the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine in London before returning to Japan. From 1944 to 1965, he was professor of experimental medicine at the University of Melbourne and director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. In the course of his research into acquired immune tolerance to tissue transplants, he proposed the clonal selection theory for the mechanism of antibody production. In 1960, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with P. Medawar. In addition to his research into immunity, he discovered a method for identifying bacteria using bacteriophages, and developed techniques for culturing and quantifying viruses in living chicken embryos. He also studied influenza viruses and isolated the causative agent of Q fever. He came to Japan in 1961.

Barnett
Burnett, Frances Eliza

Born: 24 November 1849, Manchester
[Died] October 29, 1924, Plandome, New York. American female writer. Maiden name Hodgson. Born in England, she moved to the United States with her family after losing her father, and married the doctor Swan Burnett in 1873. She began writing at that time, and in 1877 published her debut novel, That Lass o' Lowrie's, set in the mines of Lancashire. After that, she wrote many romantic stories for children. Her most famous work is Little Lord Fauntleroy (1886). Other works include The Little Princess (1905) and The Secret Garden (10).

Barnett
Burnet, Gilbert

Born: September 18, 1643, Edinburgh
[Died] March 17, 1715, London. British clergyman and historian. Professor of Theology at Glasgow University from 1669. He often warned King Charles II about his immoral behavior, and fled to the Netherlands when James II ascended to the throne in 1685. There he gained the trust of William of Orange (later William III), and accompanied him from the Netherlands to England as a military chaplain during the Glorious Revolution in 1688. In 1689 he became Bishop of Salisbury. His main works are History of the Reformation of the Church of England and History of his own Times. The latter is particularly valuable as a historical source of the Glorious Revolution.

Barnett
Barnett, Samuel Augustus

Born: February 8, 1844, Bristol
Died June 17, 1913. A London Anglican clergyman and social reformer. He became the pastor of a very poor parish in London, founded a night school for adults, and dedicated himself to social work. In 1875, after A. Toynbee visited his parish, he interacted with Oxford University students and organized social activities for them. In 1884, Toynbee Hall was founded as a settlement in memory of Toynbee, with Barnett as its director. After his death, Barnett House was established as a center for the study of social problems in memory of his achievements. His main work was Practicable Socialism (1888).

Barnett
Barnet

One of the 33 districts that make up Greater London in the southeast of England, United Kingdom. A borough that belongs to Outer London, located in the northwest of Greater London. Almost the entire area was agricultural until the railway was installed in the mid-19th century, but the population has increased rapidly and housing development has progressed, making it a residential suburb of London. Industry is also thriving, with automobile, electrical machinery, and chemical factories. Chipping Barnet Cathedral (1250) and other old buildings are preserved within the borough. Area: 87 km2 . Population: 314,564 (2001).

Barnett
Burnet, John

Born: December 6, 1863, Edinburgh
Died: May 26, 1928, St. Andrews. British Greek philosopher. Professor at the University of St. Andrews in 1892. His main achievements were the history of Greek philosophy, which made extensive use of his knowledge of linguistics, and the revision of the Collected Works of Plato. He attributed the theory of ideas to Socrates, and established the Barnett-Taylor theory. His main works include Early Greek Philosophy (1892) and Greek Philosophy (1914).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1899.9.3. ビクトリア,トララルゴン
[没]1985.8.31. メルボルン
オーストラリアの医師,免疫学者。 1923年メルボルン大学で学位取得。 26~27年ロンドンのリスター予防医学研究所で研究して帰国。 44~65年,メルボルン大学実験医学教授兼ウォルター=エリザホール医学研究所長。組織移植への獲得性免疫寛容の研究の過程で抗体の産生機構にクローン選択説を提唱。これに対して 60年,P.メダウォアとともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を授与された。免疫の研究のほかにも,バクテリオファージによって細菌を同定する方法を発見し,生きているニワトリ胚でウイルスを培養,定量する技術を開発した。また,インフルエンザウイルスを研究し,Q熱の病原体を分離した。 61年来日。

バーネット
Burnett, Frances Eliza

[生]1849.11.24. マンチェスター
[没]1924.10.29. ニューヨーク,プランドーム
アメリカの女流作家。旧姓 Hodgson。イギリスに生れ,父を失ってのち一家とともに渡米,1873年医師スワン・バーネットと結婚した。その頃から創作を始め,77年にランカシャーの鉱山を舞台にした処女作『ラウリーの娘』 That Lass o' Lowrie'sを発表,その後子供向けのロマンチックな作品を多く書いた。最も有名なのは『小公子』 Little Lord Fauntleroy (1886) 。ほかに『小公女』 The Little Princess (1905) ,『秘密の花園』 The Secret Garden (10) など。

バーネット
Burnet, Gilbert

[生]1643.9.18. エディンバラ
[没]1715.3.17. ロンドン
イギリスの聖職者,歴史家。 1669年よりグラスゴー大学神学教授。国王チャールズ2世の不品行をしばしば忠告し,85年ジェームズ2世の即位とともにオランダに亡命,同地で,オランニェ公ウィレム (のちのウィリアム3世 ) の信用を得て,88年名誉革命に際し従軍牧師としてオランダからイギリスに同行。 89年ソールズベリー主教。主著『イギリス宗教改革史』 History of the Reformation of the Church of England,『同時代史』 History of his own Times。特に後者は名誉革命の史料として貴重。

バーネット
Barnett, Samuel Augustus

[生]1844.2.8. ブリストル
[没]1913.6.17. ロンドン
イギリス国教会牧師,社会改良家。ロンドンの極貧の小教区の牧師となり,成人夜学校を創始,社会事業に献身した。 1875年 A.トインビーの小教区訪問を機にオックスフォード大学生と交流,大学生の社会活動を組織し,84年にはトインビーを記念するセツルメント,トインビー・ホールが創設され,バーネットはその長となった。死後,彼の業績を記念して,社会問題研究センターとしてバーネット・ハウスが設立された。主著『実践的社会主義』 Practicable Socialism (1888) 。

バーネット
Barnet

イギリス,イングランド南東部,グレーターロンドンを構成する 33地区の一つ。外部ロンドンに属する区で,グレーターロンドンの北西部に位置する。19世紀半ばに鉄道が通じるまではほぼ全域が農業地帯であったが,その後人口が急増して宅地化が進み,ロンドンの郊外住宅地となった。工業も盛んで,自動車,電機,化学などの工場が立地する。区内にはチッピング・バーネット聖堂(1250)をはじめとする古い建築物が保存されている。面積 87km2。人口 31万4564(2001)。

バーネット
Burnet, John

[生]1863.12.6. エディンバラ
[没]1928.5.26. セントアンドルーズ
イギリスのギリシア哲学研究家。 1892年セントアンドルーズ大学教授。おもな業績は,言語学的知識を多用したギリシア哲学史と『プラトン全集』の校訂。イデア説をソクラテスのものとし,バーネット=テーラー説を立てた。主著『初期ギリシア哲学』 Early Greek Philosophy (1892) ,『ギリシア哲学』 Greek Philosophy (1914) 。

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