Al-Jazzār, Aḥmad Pasha

Japanese: ジャッザール（英語表記）al-Jazzār, Aḥmad Pasha

[Born] Around 1734
[Died] 1804
Middle Eastern politician. Born in Bosnia, he became a slave and rose to prominence in Egypt as a subordinate to an Ottoman official who became governor of Egypt. He then appeared in Syria, where he played an active role in overthrowing Zahir al-Umar in 1775 and succeeding him in that position. Although he remained loyal to the Ottoman Empire, he worked to strengthen his own mercenary army, and in 1799 he repelled the invasion of Syria by Napoleon's troops, who had conquered Egypt. However, his policy of strengthening the military led to the excessive exploitation of the Syrian countryside, which became devastated.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1734頃
[没]1804
中東の政治家。ボスニア出身でみずから奴隷になり，エジプト総督となったオスマン帝国の官僚の部下としてエジプトに来て頭角を現した。やがてシリアに現れ，1775年，ザーヒル・アルウマル打倒に活躍して，その地位を継いだ。オスマン朝に忠誠を誓いながらも，自己の傭兵軍の強化に努め，1799年にはエジプトを征服したナポレオンの軍隊のシリア進入を撃退した。しかし，彼の強兵政策はシリア農村からの過度の収奪を伴い，農村は荒廃した。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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