Karluk Tribe

...Among them, those who settled in the Bishbalik and Gaochang areas gained control of the area in the second half of the 9th century, and established the Western Uighur Kingdom (also called the Tianshan Uighur Kingdom), which also controlled the oasis region on the southern foot of the Tianshan Mountains from Karashahr to Kucha. It continued to rule the area until the Mongol invasion in the 13th century. Meanwhile, the Uighurs who moved toward the Chu and Talas rivers mixed with the indigenous Karluks and others to establish a new state called the Kara-Khanid dynasty (840-1212), and eventually extended their control over the oasis settlements in the western part of the Tarim Basin at the end of the 9th century. Thus, with the westward movement of the Uighurs as a turning point, two Turkic states, the Western Uighur Kingdom in the east and the Kara-Khanid dynasty in the west, came into existence in East Turkestan, which had previously been an Aryan settlement. From then on, the Turkification of the area gradually progressed, and was almost complete by the time of the Mongol invasion in the 13th century. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to the "Karluk tribe" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…このうち，ビシュバリク，高昌方面におちついた者たちは，9世紀後半，この地の支配権を獲得し，カラシャフルからクチャに至る天山南麓のオアシス地帯をも支配下におく〈西ウイグル王国〉(〈天山ウイグル王国〉ともいう)を建設し，13世紀のモンゴルの侵入時代までこの地域の支配を続けた。一方，チュー川･タラス川方面に向かったウイグル族は先住のカルルク族などと交わって〈カラ･ハーン朝〉(840‐1212)と呼ばれる新国家を建設し，やがて9世紀末には，その支配権をタリム盆地西部のオアシス定住地帯にも及ぼした。かくして，ウイグル族の西方移動を契機として，従来アーリヤ人の居住地であった東トルキスタンには，東の西ウイグル王国と西のカラ･ハーン朝という二つのトルコ族の国家が並立し，以後この地域のトルコ化が徐々に進行し，それは13世紀のモンゴルの侵入期までにほぼその完成を見た。…

※「カルルク族」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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